{"id":2933,"date":"2013-07-08T10:34:19","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2933"},"modified":"2014-07-12T01:10:09","modified_gmt":"2014-07-11T18:10:09","slug":"loi-khuyen-cho-nam-moi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2933","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho n\u0103m m\u1edbi – 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u01b0\u1edbc sang n\u0103m m\u1edbi, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m nay:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ti. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 kinh doanh c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh doanh cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kinh doanh, nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. C\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kinh doanh n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti; do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, khi kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u00fang cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng, h\u00f4m nay b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ngang qua c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. B\u1edfi v\u00ec kinh doanh l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u01a1i chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hay n\u01a1i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng d\u1ec5 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00fai gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111i khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3u quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y; nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. (T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1eb3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Thomas Friedman nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n v\u00e0o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1.) Chung cu\u1ed9c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e2y gi\u1edd thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i du h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u00f4i t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t hay hai ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. V\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 du h\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho t\u00f4i trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ra nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh vi\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd hay v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng cho sinh vi\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho n\u00ean khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec; b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc k\u00ec hay t\u1eebng ni\u00ean kho\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang. \u201cC\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef th\u00f3i quen li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5, h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ed3n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c, t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau trrong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t trong n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u01b0a th\u00edch vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay cho c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kinh doanh mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nhanh v\u00e0 r\u1ebb, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 emails. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v.v. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi trong \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG gi\u1ecfi th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao theo l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

An advice for the New year – 1<\/p>\n

As software students graduate and begin to work in the industry, they will see that there are so many things more to learn than they thought. There are things they need to know but were not taught in school because there are differences between the academic view and the industry view of what students need to know. So as the New Year starts, I would also like to start with a few advises to students who will graduate this year:<\/p>\n

To succeed in the industry, you need to know about the business of the company that you work for. You need to understand how the business is being conducted and how this affects management decisions. You also need to understand the financial aspect of the company and how it affects everybody in the company. Of course, this advice does not seem to fit a technical person like you and most universities do not teach technical students anything about business. I think this is a weakness of the academic view. Today many software managers are only focusing on the technical aspect but not the business aspect so many software projects have problems with costs overrun. If they understand the business well, many of these mistakes could be avoided.<\/p>\n

It is also important for you to understand that company is in business to make a profit. Company will go out of business if it doesn’t make money. Profits are a sign of the health of a company; therefore, you must understand that managers always adjust people and works to meet profitable goals. In this financial crisis, when money is hard to get, company may have to reduce people and that could be you. It is important for you to prepare to make yourself more valuable to minimizing the risk of being unemployed so you must learn about budget and schedule limitation. This is a discipline that is not taught in university but someday you will be responsible for managing them so you need to understand how budget and schedule work.<\/p>\n

Whether you are ready or not, today you are part of the global business world. In this world, business is conducted across borders and works could be done in any country. The world we live today is very different from what it was ten years ago so you must be prepared. Because business is global so jobs are going to locations where costs are lower or where knowledge and skills are easily obtained. This may require you to work with people from different cultures, speak different languages and located in different time zones. Therefore you must have knowledge of globalization and think and act differently when working with teams members who come from different culture. Today universities do not teach this kind of concept; many professors are comfortable with their academic environment and rarely travel outside of their country. They may not have much to say about other cultures and how to work in the global places. However, it is important for you to improve your knowledge about globalization by reading, learning as much as possible and this is just the beginning. (I recommend every student to read the book \u201cThe World is flat\u201d by Thomas Friedman as an introduction to globalization) Eventually, many of you will work oversea or collaborate with team of engineers from other countries and without preparation, you may not be successful.<\/p>\n

Globalization is not about doing business oversea but also about acquiring skills wherever necessary. Many companies are now hiring people to work globally, so it is very likely that you may have to travel to some countries to work and it is important that you study a foreign language. I strongly advise that all software engineers be proficient in at least one or two foreign languages. With good communication skills, you can work almost anywhere in the world as global companies pay much more for workers who are flexible and can travel easily. Few years ago, I worked with a team in Europe so I had to learn French and German although many of them did speak English but having another language helped me a great deal in the discussion with them in their native languages. Now that I have several projects in Asia, I am also learning Japanese and Chinese. Since I do speak several languages, I have more chances to travel and have several international assignments that others could not because they do not know foreign languages.<\/p>\n

As you advancing your career, the problems that you face will be much more complex than those that you learn in school. As software engineers, you must draw on many technical and non-technical knowledge to solve them. In school, students always work within the constraints of academic schedule and classroom time so exercises and tests are designed to be solved in a matter of few hours or few days and therefore cannot contain much of the complexity as you must solve in the industry. I suggest that you broaden your knowledge across many areas as much as you can. Carnegie Mellon University is unique as it always gives students experiences in this area through scenarios and learning by doing exercises and these works require the kind of thinking that will help you well in industry.<\/p>\n

Of course, nobody know everything so when you encounter issue that is different from what you are taught, you have a chance to learn new things because it forces you to re-evaluate, learn new facts, new concepts and perhaps even change the way you solve problems. That is what lifelong learning is all about; you always learn new things and should never stop learning, no matter how old you are. As university allow student to start something new each semester or each school year and you may forget what you learned previously but never forget how you learn them. \u201cHow to learn\u201d is very important and you must keep a habit of continuously learning because technology always changes.<\/p>\n

In university, classroom assignments are structured to allow you to work by yourself but in industry you can not accomplish much by yourself. You will need to work in teams to come up with the best solution possible. Many software engineers understand the value of learning but do not yet appreciate the value of sharing information among people that have common interest. It takes time and effort to work together as a team, to learn from each others, to share information with each others but if you put in the effort, you will reap the rewards in the end. Although university creates teamwork among students that promotes discussion to solve problems but it is usually conducted among people with the same field of study. However, in real work, a team may consist of people with different skills in different technical areas. Working with different people with conflicting needs is both exciting and challenging but you must learn to function well in it. For example, the hardware designer wants to build certain equipments, the software engineer prefers to write an application instead, and the business manager wants something fast and cheap, the finance manager says the system is too complex and too expensive. How do you reach an agreement with a group like that? That is why you need to learn more and you will make progress as you learn because life is about learning new things.<\/p>\n

As professional engineer, you will have to document your work in reports, design document and emails. You will have to make presentations and discuss things with team members, or managers and customers, etc. You must be good in readings, writing, communicating and if you are NOT good then it will prevent you from any advancing in your career. Successful people must have high energy levels and enthusiasm for their work. They must have the ability to motivate others toward common goals. They must make tough decisions and deliver on their promises. These are skills that come with experiences and learning so you learn as you are progressing in your career, you will make mistakes but as long as you learn, every mistake is a good lesson for you so do not be afraid of making mistake. The key is what have you learn from that.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2933"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4362,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2933\/revisions\/4362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}