{"id":2915,"date":"2013-07-08T10:20:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2915"},"modified":"2013-07-08T10:20:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:20:36","slug":"lam-khoan-ngoai-o-trung-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2915","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ngo\u00e0i, t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1, cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Sau l\u1ec5 khai m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ef1u b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p Dominique de Villepin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cKho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ee9c cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung \u1edf M\u0129, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i do Trung Qu\u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai chia s\u1ebb chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, \u00edch l\u1ee3i song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2 qua c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo Thomas Friedman; t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1eb3ng\u201d khi so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Bangalore, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean nh\u01b0 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn 63 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi trong n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 \u0111em t\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 400, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $ 4 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 2009, t\u0103ng 35 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1eebng n\u0103m trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua. Theo \u00f4ng Hu Kun Shan, ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c “Thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 38 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong n\u0103m 2010. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u00f4ng Hu, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao do thi\u1ebfu nhu c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4n g tin. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ea1o ra 12 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u0129. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, khi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Philippines. Qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i coi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf (kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ebf). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u1ea3 kinh doanh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi ph\u1ea1m Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u00f9 v\u1edbi k\u1ebb vi ph\u1ea1m. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sao tr\u1ed9m qua internet b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u1eddng minh qua h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp hay sao tr\u1ed9m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 TCS, Infosys hay Wipro, l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n khi kinh doanh t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecdn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c g\u1ed9p v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. K\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edch l\u1ee3i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhau, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u00e1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi International Data Corporation (IDC), \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kinh doanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch: \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u201d \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ee9c cao nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ee9c trung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang r\u1ed9ng ra khi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft n\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9 g\u1eedi sinh vi\u00ean ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, hay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111em ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa V\u00f4 T\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon University b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m i-Carnegie t\u1ea1i V\u00f4 T\u00edch, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1edbi 8000 sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y ngay v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u cao v\u00e0 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p kinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh kinh doanh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf kinh doanh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Outsourcing in China<\/p>\n

Last November, I attended the Third Global Outsourcing Summit in Dalian, China. With the financial crisis still in every attendee\u2019s minds, the summit provided a fresh opportunity for both local Chinese companies and foreign businesses to begin a dialogue about the future collaborations. After the opening ceremony and the speech by local government officers, the former French Minister Dominique de Villepin started his keynote speech with the announcement that \u201cOutsourcing is a gateway for the new economy where innovative ideas and high level creativity are no longer concentrated in the U.S, Europe or Japan but everywhere. The new economy has provided developing countries with unprecedented business opportunities if they know how to catch this history moment\u201d. He also expressed his confidence in the outsourcing services offered by China and said that he had great expectations of Chinese\u2018s outsourcing capability: \u201cWe should be committed to improve business efficiency by creating a shared future for all of us. This will require a genuine partnership between government and people as we must create a new world, a new management model, and a new economy. In this era of rapid development, mutual benefit can only be sought through cooperation and this is the responsibility required by all of us\u201d.<\/p>\n

This is evidence in Dalian as it has become a world famous software park after Thomas Friedman; the author of \u201cThe world is flat\u201d compared it with Bangalore, India, and refers Dalian as the next Silicon Valley. The software outsourcing park, the largest in China, attracted 63 new customers in 2009 and bringing the overall number of foreign businesses to more than 400, including many largest companies in the world. These companies in turn have hired several hundred thousands software engineers and the park’s total sales are approximated $ 4 billion dollars in 2009, increase 35 percent each year in the past five years. According to Mr.Hu Kun Shan, vice chairman of China Software Industry Association “The revenue of China’s software industry has been growing by 38 percent annually and is expected to top several billion dollars in 2010. However, according to Mr. Hu, the issue was not about money but jobs, as he stated in his presentation that with the financial crisis, many cities in China that invested in manufacturing are suffering from closing factories, high unemployment due to the lack of export demand. However in Dalian, there are plenty of good paying jobs, especially in the software and information technology areas. The development of outsourcing industry has helped sustaining the economic growth, stabilizing export, and boosting employment. According to his prediction, the outsourcing industry is expected to create 12 million jobs for college graduates in the next five years.<\/p>\n

There were several presentations on the developing of cooperative business models between China, Europe and North America. Many highlighted the importance of an open environment with improving skilled resources that is needed by the outsourcing industry. These presentations were particular relevance to local Chinese attendees for whom outsourcing is still relative new, as compared with other countries such as India and Philippines. Over recent years, China has made major improvement in laying the foundation for a successful outsourcing industry. There are few key factors that I considered very important to boost outsourcing growth: First, all software businesses conducted in SoftwarePark will be exempted from taxes (Zero duty). It means more opportunities for foreign companies to invest in China since they can increase both their business and profits. Second, there will be tougher penalties for Intellectual Property Right by issue more fines and prison sentence for offenders. The dissemination of pirated goods or software over the internet is explicitly forbidden with long jailed sentences. It means foreign companies do not have to worry about workers stealing or pirating their products in China. Unlike India\u2019s companies such as TCS, Infosys or Wipro started out as small companies and grew bigger as businesses increased then became giants in the industry. Chinese companies chose to grow their size by acquisition instead, and in the past few years, there were many merging and acquisitions among Chinese software companies and some had grown to several thousand employees. Size is needed to do business in the western world and having larger size will allow Chinese companies to compete with India companies, which many already have over hundred thousand employees.<\/p>\n

The most important factor is probably the support by government officials to help China becoming a future outsourcing powerhouse by passing laws supporting the growth of this industry. All rentals in Software Parks by local companies are subsidized by local government and for the large part, training for technical skills are also subsidized by local government. This will allow local companies to move fast to catch up with others in a much shorter time. By having theses directions, China and its software industry can realize huge benefits by attracting investment capital, building technology know-how, and using its market potential to attract more global companies to move to Dalian. By integrate software business offices, education and research, and university side by side, the park has emerged as a new vibrant technology town, a model city for internationalization of the software industry and a national export center by government in China. According to the data presented by the International Data Corporation (IDC), Dalian is the number one city in China in terms of its ability to develop software and information services, as well as for its ability to meet the needs of an international business. With the policy: \u201cPrivate Management with government support\u201d Dalian is the dynamic and most effective operational SoftwarePark in China and has a vital role in the rapid development of outsourcing industry.<\/p>\n

One of the most interesting sessions that I attended was the discussion between managers from software industry and university professors on the education issues. According to these managers, software outsourcing companies in China have enough programmers but lack higher level skills such as software architect, project managers and middle level managers, who are on the top of the skills needed by the industry. The gap is widening as university continue to focus on developing programmers but not managers. Many professors defended their university positions by stating that it took time to improve education systems. One manager said: \u201cWe need to change the way we educate our technical students now or other countries will grasp this golden opportunity. This is urgency so the attitude of having excuses is not acceptable. We can not rely on keep sending students oversea for better education, or to learn better skills, it is time that we must have a world class education system\u201d. One of the solutions for the education issue is to bring the best education program to China. I presented to the audience about the curriculum exchange between Wuxi and CarnegieMellonUniversity by the establishment of i-Carnegie center in Wuxi that could train up to 8000 students. This received significant enthusiastic welcome by the software industry audiences. Many companies expressed that they want to hire these students immediately as they want to gain access to high-end outsourcing market and moved beyond coding and testing areas. Unfortunately, to their disappointment, I told them that the program just started few months ago, that means the first graduates will not be available for another four years.<\/p>\n

I believe that despite the economic slowdown, the global outsourcing market has continue to grow into a significant business, employing millions people across the world. As more companies have adopted outsourcing to help deal with financial pressure and competitive challenges in their market, this industry will continue to evolve faster and better than before. Initially, outsourcing was seen as a benefit of lower labor cost but as it evolved, it has become a better way to achieve optimal business advantage through knowledge and skills acquisition. To faster accelerate this growth, education and training should be the foundation to firmly establish this industry in any developing country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ngo\u00e0i, t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2915"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2916,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2915\/revisions\/2916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}