{"id":2904,"date":"2013-07-08T10:08:06","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2904"},"modified":"2013-07-08T10:08:06","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:08:06","slug":"dam-bao-chat-luong-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2904","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m – Software Quality Assurance (SQA) tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong M\u1eccI pha c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng pha cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 SQA ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 SQA ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u0129 s\u01b0 SQA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m,\u201d \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a SQA l\u00e0: “T\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a SQA l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea3 qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Trong \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qui tr\u00ecnh, SQA cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ch quan li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0 b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00ean trong t\u1eebng pha c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do v\u1eady gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (IEEE) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 “m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n, hay qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u hay mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.” Trong khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 “kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra\u201d v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong \u201cS\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn: m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t: d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u do thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1ecfi truy nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u00e1c: n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n: n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh tin c\u1eady: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng: d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng: d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kinh doanh qua c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 SQA l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp do \u0111\u00f3 SQA s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: ISO 9000 v\u00e0 CMMI. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO 9000) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c u\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec7m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ISO cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c thay v\u00ec qui tr\u00ecnh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kia l\u00e0 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (CMMI) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00f3 SQA c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c SQA. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cc\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Quality Assurance<\/p>\n

As software project is becoming larger and more complex, the role of Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is becoming more critical. Even today, methods for assuring software quality are often not well understood by many project managers. Assuring software quality requires that engineering knowledge and discipline be applied at ALL phases of the development life cycle, NOT the last phases of test or release as many people misunderstood. Software Quality Assurance engineers are required to possess many years of software development and sufficient domain knowledge to evaluate the completeness and correctness of system requirements, and they must have the ability to determine whether the design has incorporated all requirements accurately. Ultimately, SQA engineers are responsible for advising management whether a software product is reliable and meet quality standards. For this kind of works, SQA engineers probably should be the most experience persons in the organization. They should work as software developers for many years and move up to technical leader or architect and perform this work for years before becoming SQA engineers.<\/p>\n

The \u201cHandbook of Software Quality Assurance\u201d, define SQA as: “The set of systematic activities providing evidence of the ability of the software process to produce a software product that is fit to use. The focus, therefore, of SQA is to monitor continuously throughout the software development life cycle to ensure the quality of the delivered product. This requires monitoring both the processes and the products. In process assurance, SQA provides management with objective feedback regarding compliance to approved plans, procedures, standards, and analyses. Product assurance activities focus on the changing level of product quality within each phase of the life cycle, such as the requirements, design, code, and test plan. The objective is to identify and eliminate defects throughout the life cycle as early as possible, thus reducing test and maintenance costs.<\/p>\n

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers’ (IEEE) defines quality as “the degree to which a system, component, or process meets specified requirements, and customer or user needs or expectations While this definition seems to be clear and unambiguous, many software project managers still complains that quality is “hard to define, impossible to measure, difficult to recognize\u201d and therefore ignore it. Following is another detailed definition of software quality as defined in the standard \u201cHandbook of Software Quality Assurance\u201d.<\/p>\n

Correctness: extent to which a project fulfills its specifications.<\/p>\n

Efficiency: use of resources execution and storage.<\/p>\n

Flexibility: ease of making changes required by changes in the operating environment.<\/p>\n

Integrity: protection of the project from unauthorized access.<\/p>\n

Interoperability: effort required to integrate the system to another system.<\/p>\n

Maintainability: effort required to locate and fix a fault in the project within its operating environment.<\/p>\n

Portability: effort required to transfer a project from one environment to another.<\/p>\n

Reliability: ability not to fail.<\/p>\n

Reusability: ease of re-using software in a different context.<\/p>\n

Testability: ease of testing the project to ensure that it is error-free and meets its specification.<\/p>\n

Usability: ease of use of the software.<\/p>\n

Of course, in a perfect world all of these criteria would be met, but in reality tradeoffs are a part of all development projects. Often the most efficient software is not portable, as portability would require additional code, decreasing the efficiency. Usability is subjective and varies depending on the experience of users. When using the criteria to define the assurance objectives of a software system, the purpose and use of the system must be taken into account. In the real work of software development, criteria for quality are identified and applied to differing extents as a result of trade-off decisions.<\/p>\n

With globalization, as many companies are doing business across national borders, the requirement for a quality product is becoming more important. It has been proven that having SQA is to ensure that there is discipline and control in the software development process via independent evaluation therefore SQA will determine whether a product will be accepted in certain places or not. There are two popular models of reviewing and assuring software quality: The ISO 9000 and the CMMI. The International Standard Organization (ISO 9000) provided a way to gain external accreditation for a quality management system. Many companies have used the application of ISO to software, but the issue is that it focuses mostly on procedures rather than process. The other is the Software Engineering Institute’s Capability Maturity Mode Integration (CMMI) focuses on the basis that the quality of the software product is largely determined by the quality of the software development and maintenance processes used to build it.<\/p>\n

To ensure quality is critical for all future business. Having experienced SQA is essential for the business but even today, many software companies rarely invest or have sufficient funds to perform SQA works. Some believe they can avoid it as much as possible. The attitude of \u201cCutting costs\u201d and having poor quality product are unacceptable in the highly competitive world. Many will NOT survive for long as more customers are demanding better quality product with the best safety, and reliability.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m – Software Quality … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2904"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2905,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2904\/revisions\/2905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}