{"id":2891,"date":"2013-07-08T09:53:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2891"},"modified":"2013-07-08T09:53:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:53:31","slug":"kiem-thu-phan-mem-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2891","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d. Khi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u s\u00edt sao, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec khi gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 d\u1ec5\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u201d, \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec m\u1ecdi m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i\u201d, \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1ea1i\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta s\u1eeda ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 sau.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u sai v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00fang, th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng:<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Heathrow c\u1ee7a Anh mua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00ed h\u00e0nh l\u00ed do m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c checkin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y khai m\u1ea1c, khi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m checkin, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft b\u1ecf 34 chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u00e0 d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0nh l\u00ed v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf s\u00e2n bay. 10 ng\u00e0y sau, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf 500 chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i trong m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ec5. Trong hai tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Anh kh\u00f4ng vui v\u1ebb g\u00ec khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7\u201d v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “Tr\u00e0n ch\u1ed3ng” trong m\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00ed do l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Airbus A380 c\u0169ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n tr\u00ean t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f2n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Cho n\u00ean khi Airbus t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m KH\u00d4NG t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai trong khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10 tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 (LOC) c\u00f2n \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh\u201d c\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh 20 tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. Xe h\u01a1i trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 200 tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 c\u00f2n m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean t\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i sai nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay d\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u1eddi gian trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cCh\u00fang ta KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu KH\u00d4NG ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English vesion—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

software testing<\/p>\n

Testing is a necessity on every software projects. However, developers do not like to test and many software managers consider it \u201cNot important\u201d. When schedule is tight, they have no problem reduce testing activities or sometime skip it. There are some misconceptions about testing such as \u201ctesting is easy\u201d, \u201canyone can do testing\u201d, \u201ctesting is quick since all the code has been written\u201d, \u201ctesting will slow the project down\u201d, and \u201cSkip the test, save money and let users find defects then we can fix them later\u201d. These are all false and with that bad attitude, software quality can NOT be improved.<\/p>\n

Without properly testing, potential software disasters can easily turn into reality. Following are some well known cases:<\/p>\n

British\u2019s Heathrow\u2019s airport terminal 5 brought a computer control baggage handling system so check in would be easy and fast. On opening day, where thousands people checked in, the system did not work, forcing airlines to cancel 34 flights and suspended all baggage check in with thousand travelers stranded in the airport. The next 10 days, no one can identify the problems and airlines had to cancel 500 flights with hundred thousands angry travelers. The cost of the problem was several hundred million dollars. Finally, a software engineer found a defect in the code that has NOT been tested as manager ordered it skipped to meet the schedule.<\/p>\n

Another major fiasco is the British government\u2019s passport system where the government brought a new computer system to check passports more efficiently during holiday seasons. In the first two weeks, the systems failed and more than half a million British citizens were less than happy to discover that their passports were \u201cinvalid\u201d and they could not travel. Later, it was found the main cause was a \u201cStack overflow\u201d in the code and the reason was some functions were NOT tested as manager decided to let users find defects then they can fix them to save time and money.<\/p>\n

The Airbus A380 also experienced significant problems and delays for more than 2 years and cost over a billion dollars. The problem was the wrong versions of software had been used during testing because several groups did NOT use the same configuration management process. The German group used an out-of-date version of software and the French system used the latest version. So when Airbus integrated all systems together, the different versions did not match. Software testers did NOT find anything wrong during testing as they tested them in their own environment. Without integration test, nobody knows the difference in the software version.<\/p>\n

There are thousands of cases where a lack of testing can be attributed to the failure of major projects. Today software are growing larger and more complex, testing is becoming more and more important than ever. For example, it is estimated that simple mobile phones have over 10 million lines of code (LOC) and \u201cSmart phone\u201d have on the average 20 million lines of code. An average car has over 200 million lines of code and an airplane and its automated manufacturing process would require over billion lines of code. There are many reasons why software projects can go wrong but testing is where you find problems and fix them before release to users. Testing is one of the most important and critical factors in every large and small software projects. A good software people should never skip testing or spend less time during testing and as we need to have an attitude that \u201cWe can NOT afford Not to test\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2891"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2892,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2891\/revisions\/2892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}