{"id":2871,"date":"2013-07-08T09:18:13","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2871"},"modified":"2013-07-08T09:18:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:18:13","slug":"kien-nhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2871","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1968 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em 4 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u1eb9o \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n k\u1eb9o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee3i 10 ph\u00fat th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u1eb9o n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1ebb con kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9a \u0103n ngay k\u1eb9o nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u00edch \u0103n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 k\u1eb9o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ts. Mischel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, quan s\u00e1t: \u201cTr\u1ebb con ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafm, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i khi t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u00e1i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\u201d Sau khi quan s\u00e1t th\u00eam, Ts. Mischel nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fa \u00fd chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed. Tr\u1ebb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 k\u1eb9o b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u00fang ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i hay nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 qu\u00ean k\u1eb9o.<\/p>\n

Ts. Mischel vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 k\u1eb9o v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ngon l\u00e0m sao, th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0103n n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 ngay ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.\u201d V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n k\u1eb9o m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d Ts. Mischel \u0111i xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u00fang bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u00f3 cho nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Tr\u00ean 80% tr\u1ebb con v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cKi\u00ean nh\u1eabn, t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ra ngo\u00e0i. R\u1ea5t \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean coi ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u00f9 b\u1edfi “s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u00e1” cho n\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00edch, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u00f3 ngay. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y laptop nhanh nh\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sang c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 internet v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean qua tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video, c\u00e1c website n\u1ed9i dung x\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c website k\u00edch d\u1ee5c v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0m sao l\u00e3ng h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Khi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111em laptop t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t bao nhi\u00eau sinh vi\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video hay g\u1eedi email cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tin nh\u1eafn, ngay c\u1ea3 trong l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 “th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft\u201d m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i thi h\u1ebft n\u0103m n\u1ecd t\u1edbi n\u0103m kia, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i thi, b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i. Sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd? Sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c? Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t? B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i ban h\u00e0nh qui ch\u1ebf di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi t\u00f4i \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 truy nh\u1eadp internet nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u00edch \u0111i quanh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra t\u00f4i n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i? Sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung.\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sao l\u00e3ng, nh\u01b0ng khi sao l\u00e3ng t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y. D\u00f9 c\u00e1c sao l\u00e3ng \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ed3n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean c\u00e1c sao l\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u1ecd, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang ta trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 sao l\u00e3ng. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i quay l\u1ea1i xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ts. Mischel v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u2014 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh si\u00eang n\u0103ng.\u201d Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, v\u00ec h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu th\u00f3i quen suy ngh\u0129 sao l\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea1nh th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ts. Mischel k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng minh, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng minh KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Patience<\/p>\n

There are several researches on patience and self control but there is one that I really like so I want to share with you. The research was conducted in 1968 at elementary school where 4-year old children were given 1 candy placed in front of them. They can eat them whenever they like but if they were able to wait 10 minutes then they were rewarded with one more candies. Most children did not last very long, many would eat their candies right away but there were a few who were able to delay their gratification and waited to get the 2 candies.<\/p>\n

Dr. Mischel, who conducted the research observed: \u201cYoung children are so active, they are unable to wait for anything and whatever they want they need it right away. But then, as I watched I found some who are able to control themselves, I wonder at how they learned to delay their wants and how that made so many other things possible.\u201d. After further observation, Dr. Mischel realized that self-control came from \u201cstrategic allocation of attention\u201d and not willpower. The successful children avoid thinking about the candies by deliberately focus their attention somewhere, for example, they played with toys or looked at books and forget about the candies.<\/p>\n

Dr. Mischel wrote: \u201cIf you are thinking about the candies and how good it is, then you are going to eat it so the key is to avoid thinking about it in the first place.\u201d With that realization, you do not have to use willpower to avoid eating the candies but develop a skill to focus your attention on something else. Once you realize that will power is just a matter of learning how to control your attention and thoughts, you can really improve your patience.\u201d Dr. Mischel went further to look at their academic achievement and he was surprised to find that all children that had self-control were also excellent in their academic. No matter what subjects they studied, they always achieved top grades. The study on patience continued into highschools, colleges, and adult life and it gave more amazing findings. Over 80% of those children went to colleges with top scores and have successful adult life. He concluded that \u201cPatience, self control and academic success are fully correlated\u201d.<\/p>\n

Today students are so distracted by many things and the tendency is looking outward. Very few students would consider patience as a virtue. In the fast changing technology world, many are blinded by the \u201cInstant gratification of commercialization\u201d so whatever they like, they want it right away. They must have the latest equipments, fastest laptops, most recent mobile phones because these things give them immediate satisfaction. In schools, many students want to study something quick so they can go on to the next classes. Very few would go in-depth to really understand the concept or thoroughly master the subject. Computers and internet with all the benefits can also be negative influences on students with videogames, bad content websites, and sexual promotion websites as they distract them from their studies. As many students bring laptops to class, I have observed how many students are taking notes on my lecture and how many are playing videogames or sending emails to their friends. With mobile phones and text messages, even in class, many students are not learning but are distracted by unnecessary messages.<\/p>\n

Traditional education relies mostly on tests so there are \u201cTricks and shortcuts\u201d that students can pass exams without much difficulty. Because many professors have tendency to use the same exams years after years, students can obtain previously used exams, tests and can perform works without much efforts. However, college life is relatively short. After four years, students must leave to build their careers but without adequate education or skills. What will happen to them? Why so many of them could not find works? Even with a critical shortage of software engineering all over the world, many software students still can not find good jobs? My friend who owns a software company told me that he can not find the right people with the right skills. For every opening, he has to interview at least thirty to fifty people to find the right one. This may explain why developed countries have to issue special immigration status to highly skilled people from other countries to come and work because their own people do not have the needed skills.<\/p>\n

However, as I travelled to lecture in China and India, I observed different learning attitudes. These students are very diligent and patient in their studies. They understand that their futures depending on their skills and they do have opportunities to improve their livings through education. Of course, many have computers and internet access but somehow they have self control. As a teaching habit, I like to walk around the classroom during lecture to quietly observe students. I noticed that almost all of them are taking notes and many are asking questions, a lot of questions on the subject, so I know that they are studying hard and understand the subject well. Few years later, I was not surprised to saw many of them worked in key positions at the top companies in India and China. Many of them recognized me so we had a lot of conversations about software subjects. I asked them \u201cWhat happened during my classes? How could you not being distracted by other things and be able to stay focus\u201d. Their answers surprised me: \u201cOf course, there always were distractions but as distraction came, we brought our attentions back to the class topic by thinking of questions to ask you. No matter how fascinating, how powerful those distractions were we did not allow them to go forward. We remain focus on our studies by allocate our attentions to the questions that we wanted to ask you so we could forget about other distracts\u201d.<\/p>\n

I learned something from them, about how self-control benefits us in daily life: as an ability to direct the attention to something else so that our decisions aren\u2019t determined by the distracted thoughts. So I went back to review Dr. Mischel\u2019s research and found something that I did not pay attention previously. He noted: \u201cIt\u2019s not enough just to teach children about patience \u2014the real challenge is turning that into habits, and that requires years of diligent practice\u201d. In fact, I would add that it takes a regular, nearly daily practice, since our habitual patterns of distracting thinking are so strong.<\/p>\n

Dr. Mischel concluded his research: \u201cAlthough our education system and our society have been focused on intelligence knowledge, where many scientists have focused on intelligence as the most important thing when it comes to predicting success in life. I found that intelligence is NOT about the brain size but largely Patience and Self-control\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2871"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2873,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2871\/revisions\/2873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}