{"id":2867,"date":"2013-07-08T09:16:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2867"},"modified":"2013-07-08T09:16:10","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:16:10","slug":"hoc-cong-nghe-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2867","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o em c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc? C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi em t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi. T\u1eeb xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Java v\u00e0 C# s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Java v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 C# c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng C v\u00e0 C++. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng Pascal, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t cho d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ruby, Scala, Perl, Python, v\u00e0 Groovy nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d (SaaS) s\u1ebd l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1 ni\u1ec7m SaaS l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y\u201d. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cqu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o\u201d b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 an ninh v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Service Orient Architecture (SOA) v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) s\u1ebd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kinh doanh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p Business to Business (B2B).<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3 Dot.Net v\u00e0 J2EE s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 J2EE “nh\u1eb9 c\u00e2n” m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Java, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Enterprise Java Bean (EJB), ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng “ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf\u201d cho c\u1ea3 Java v\u00e0 Dot.Net c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cSpring\u201d hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u00ean v\u00e0i websites, s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Spring \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i EJB.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 web, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 JSP, Strut v\u00e0 GWT v\u00e0 Web Flow khi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Velocity v\u00e0 Seam c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. T\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Java, Java Application Server, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Oracle Application Server c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng Web-Sphere v\u00e0 JBoss c\u0169ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Glassfish v\u00e0 Geronimo \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a web Java, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Tomcat v\u1eabn chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng Resin v\u00e0 Jetty c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1eafng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Trong ph\u1ea7n g\u1eafn th\u00eam cho tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3 \u201cFlash\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSilverlight\u201d v\u1eabn trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua gi\u00e0nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u, \u201cFlash\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web nh\u01b0ng Microsoft \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y \u201cSilverlight\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong hai t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Java v\u00e0 C# v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u201cSpring\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web b\u1eb1ng JSP, Struts hay Web Flow v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 tr\u00ean Tomcat hay Oracle Application Servers th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u201cFlash\u201d hay \u201cSilverlight\u201d th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec trong t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n “kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea7u\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u201cService Orient Architecture\u201d (SOA) v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y\u201d, \u201cSpring\u201d, \u201cGWT\u201d, \u201cSliverlight\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What technology to study?<\/p>\n

Last week, a student in my software engineering class asked me: \u201cSoftware technology is so complex and changes often, what programming language that I need to study? What technologies that I need to know so I can have better future when I graduate?\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cIt is impossible to predict the future. If you look at the technology today, you probably will be confused because there are so many. However, there are some trends that you may want to pay attention. From a programming language trend, probably Java and C# will continue to dominate the market in the next few years. I think Java is still the most wanted programming language today and C# is probably second. Of course, some companies are still using C and C++. I do not know of any company using Pascal, it is a good computer language for teaching and still being taught in some universities but not being used in the industry. There are other programming languages such as Ruby, Scala, Perl, Python, and Groovy but their applications are very limited as they are not popular in the industry yet.<\/p>\n

Based on current industry trends, I think \u201cSoftware-as-a-Services\u201d (SaaS) will be important as companies are beginning to apply it to their business. Another variable of the SaaS concept is \u201cCloud computing\u201d. This area is being \u201cAdvertised\u201d by many consultants and software vendors as the fastest growing area. However, there are several issues such as security and transfer protocols that must be solved before it will be accepted by the industry. With this kind of trend, the Service Orient Architecture (SOA) and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) will be popular as they are important to many companies, especially in the e-commerce area for the creation of the Business to Business (B2B).<\/p>\n

Based on technology trends, I think both Dot.Net and J2EE will continue to dominate the development framework and platform market due to their industry strengths and supports. There is a \u201clightweight\u201d J2EE which is much simpler and easier to use for Java developers that is being promoted in the industry. Enterprise Java Bean (EJB), the architecture for setting up program component that run in the server parts of a computer network, has been around for many years and is still popular with many enterprise architecture groups. However, there is an \u201copen source\u201d application framework for both Java and Dot.Net called \u201cSpring\u201d that currently attract quite a number of followers. Based on the job listed on several websites, the number of jobs for Spring developers is growing twice faster than EJB.<\/p>\n

From the web framework area, I think the trend would still be JSP, Strut and GWT and Web Flow as there are large demands for these areas. Other such as Velocity and Seam are also doing well but there are limited job openings. From the Java Application Server area, I think Oracle Application Server is probably the strongest but Web-Sphere and JBoss are also growing fast to catch up. Other application server technologies such as Glassfish and Geronimo are growing but not as well as the others.<\/p>\n

From the Java web container area, I think Tomcat is still dominating the market but Resin and Jetty is also growing fast too. It is difficult to predict who will be the winner in the next few years. In the web browser plug-in, I think both \u201cFlash\u201d and \u201cSilverlight\u201d are still in the race for the top position, \u201cFlash\u201d still has a lot of users in the web development area but Microsoft is pushing \u201cSilverlight\u201d to be used by its partners and there are many job openings in this particular area today.<\/p>\n

It is difficult to predict the future in technology because it changes very fast. Today\u2019s hot jobs could be cold in the next few years. The industry trends can only help you to set your goals or to focus on what you need to know but not a guarantee for jobs. However, in the next two to four years, if you are a software developer with Java and C# programming skills and \u201cSpring\u201d knowledge, you will do well. You should also need to know how to develop web applications with JSP, Struts or Web Flow and how to implement it on Tomcat or Oracle Application Servers then you could be a valuable person in the job market. If you have knowledge of \u201cFlash\u201d or \u201cSilverlight\u201d then you will have no problem finding work in the \u201crich client\u201d development area. If you are an experienced developers that prefer more integration works then you need to learn about \u201cService Orient Architecture\u201d (SOA) and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). I do believe that \u201cCloud Computing\u201d, \u201cSpring\u201d, \u201cGWT\u201d, \u201cSliverlight\u201d are areas that some of you may want to learn more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 thay … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2867"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2868,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2867\/revisions\/2868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}