{"id":2863,"date":"2013-07-08T09:13:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:13:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2863"},"modified":"2013-07-08T09:13:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:13:31","slug":"tinh-toan-may-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2863","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, tu\u1ef3 theo b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi hay lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u201ct\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh\u201d n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n – m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, m\u1ea1ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng qua Internet. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ti mua ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Thay v\u00ec mua ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, trang b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u00fang, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “c\u1eafm” v\u00e0o “m\u00e2y” (Internet hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9) r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, an ninh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 – Infrastructure as a Service: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (IT) cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 – Platform as a Service: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi “nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n” cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i hay n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 – Software as a Service (SaaS): M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi qua tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Web, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ea1ng, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, m\u1ea1ng v.v.) khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u00e0: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1\u201d m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. T\u1eebng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u theo d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec an ninh do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 cho n\u00ean t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 “c\u1eafm v\u00e0o” v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng “t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m” v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean m\u00e2y v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i, t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u1ebd t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 cho c\u00f4ng ti KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o hay ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u giao t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ‘t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y’ ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 an ninh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u), t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u00e1c) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi “x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t\u201d, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cloud computing<\/p>\n

There are so many promotions of \u201cCloud computing\u201d from consultants and vendors and they are very confusing. Different people explain it differently, depend on who do you talk to. Many people even promote it as new technology or new kind of software. Basically, \u201cCloud computing\u201d is a \u201cbusiness model\u201d where all computing systems – servers, networks, applications and others are available to users via the Internet. As a business model, it allows company to buy only the type and amount of computing services that they need and when they need them. The concept is simple: Instead of buying hardwares, softwares, network equipments, and hire a group of technical people to manage them, company can \u201cPlug\u201d into the \u201cCloud\u201d (Internet or locally operate applications) then they have everything that they need. Customer can negotiate with vendors on the amount of storage, computing power, security and other technology functions that they need base on a price that they can afford.<\/p>\n

There are three types of cloud computing:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infrastructure as a Service: This model provides the information technology (IT) infrastructure to customers such as servers, networks, storage and systems software.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Platform as a Service: This model provides all \u201cplatform needs\u201d to customers so they can run existing applications or develop new ones without having to worry about maintaining the operating systems, server hardware, load balancing or computing capacity.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software as a Service (SaaS): This model is most widely use form of cloud computing because it provides almost everything that a company would need through a Web browser, NOT a locally-installed application. It supports hardwares, softwares, applications, networks, storage, telecommunication, and more just like a traditional information technology (IT) organization.<\/p>\n

The advantage of cloud computing are simple: Customers can get all information technology services (Hardwares, Software, Storage, Networks etc.) when they want, in the amount they need, at a price that they can pay for, at service levels they set with vendors.<\/p>\n

The disadvantages of cloud computing are: Customers do not have control over their own data and the \u201cCustomized\u201d applications that they may need. They can not change the processes and policies when they want as they must follow their contracts with vendors. Each vendor may set up their hardwares and configuration differently, so data storage and used may depend on their processes and performance. This could be a problem for some customer\u2019s business processes. Customers may lose some data because they are stored into certain vendor\u2019s formats. They may lose control over data because the tools that they used may be inadequate, and they have no idea if their data has been compromised or not since the security is controlled by vendors.<\/p>\n

There is no standard in cloud computing. At least, not yet so each vendor may use different technology, different standards, and different processes and each vendor relationship will be different. It would be impossible to \u201cPlug in\u201d and hope that everything would work. If customer have a lot of \u201cIn-house\u201d applications and need to interface with the vendor\u2019s systems then it could be a major integration issue. Customer can not move their applications to the cloud and expect them to run well. Any integration requires significant amount of work with redesign, re-configuration, and restructure of their IT infrastructures. This is where many consultants would come in and provide advices and supports. Of course, the best way for cloud computing would be for company that do NOT have any customized information system applications or only use standard transaction type of works.<\/p>\n

There are many issues that \u201cCloud computing\u201d vendors must solved before it can be accepted by the industry such as Data security, storage and transfer of data (Data mobility), integration between in-house applications and vendor\u2019s applications (Interoperability) as well as performance, customization and service levels. With all the \u201cpromotions and advertisings\u201d from vendors and consultants as the \u201cBiggest technology thing\u201d, I think it would be few more years before \u201cCloud Computing\u201d can be widely accepted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2864,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions\/2864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}