{"id":2854,"date":"2013-07-08T09:06:49","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2854"},"modified":"2013-07-08T09:06:49","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T02:06:49","slug":"sao-hoa-sap-xong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2854","title":{"rendered":"Sao Ho\u1ea3: S\u1eafp xong"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong h\u01a1n s\u00e1u n\u0103m, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m sao Ho\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ea3nh quan sao Ho\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a NASA. N\u0103m nay, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Rover t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh sao Ho\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d do sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf Carnegie Mellon t\u1ea1o ra cho ph\u00e9p robot l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y,” David Thompson n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i NASA. V\u1edbi Thompson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph.D. v\u1ec1 robotics t\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon n\u0103m 2008, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian anh \u1ea5y d\u00e0nh ra trong mi\u1ec1n sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a California c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ean Zo\u00eb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi David Wettergreen, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Robotics c\u1ee7a Carnegie Mellon, Zo\u00eb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Atacama n\u0103m 2004 v\u00e0 2005 v\u00e0 v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n Amboy Crater \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Mojave c\u1ee7a California n\u0103m 2007.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m Amboy Crater, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Thompson, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Rover. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb cho khoa h\u1ecdc thu th\u1eadp t\u0103ng l\u00ean Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science, hay AEGIS \u2014 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u201cRobotics\u201d \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng danh ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tham gia NASA n\u0103m 2008 sau khi nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng Ph.D. \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng minh, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n David Thompson l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n AEGIS. “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i CMU,” anh ta n\u00f3i th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a Rover v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em sinh \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Spirit, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho NASA c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n robotic, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng sao Ho\u1ea3. N\u0103m 2007, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1eabn l\u00e1i do Carnegie Mellon ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p l\u00ean m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, cho ch\u00fang kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng quanh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Rover ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quan s\u00e1t, AEGIS s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m thu th\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd l\u00e1i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p d\u1eabn l\u00e1i g\u00f3c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc NASA ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f4i khi, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Rover c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1eabn l\u00e1i trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, hay v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y l\u00e1i. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc gia NASA thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Blog234- Mars: Up Close<\/p>\n

For more than six years, NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover has surveyed Martian landscape under the guidance of NASA\u2019s scientists. This year, for the first time, the rover decided on its own to travel around Mars. This is possible because of the \u201cArtificial Intelligence\u201d software created by students in Carnegie Mellon to allow the robot to do thing on its own.<\/p>\n

“We were really happy with the result,” said David Thompson, a Carnegie Mellon graduate and now work as a researcher at NASA’s. For Thompson, who earned his Ph.D. in robotics at Carnegie Mellon in 2008, the experiment was gratifying. It also was reminiscent of time he spent in the deserts of California with another\u00a0 solar-powered rover called Zo\u00eb, which was developed to make decisions on its own. In field experiments directed by David Wettergreen, a professor in Carnegie Mellon’s Robotics Institute, Zo\u00eb autonomously found signs of life in the Atacama Desert in 2004 and 2005 and drew its own geological maps of an area near Amboy Crater in California’s Mojave Desert in 2007.<\/p>\n

The Amboy Crater experiment, the subject of Thompson’s doctoral thesis, demonstrated capabilities similar to what is now incorporated into the Rover\u2019s new artificial intelligence software. That system is now called Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science, or AEGIS \u2014 is based on more than a decade of work at Carnegie Mellon. Today, most of the advanced software including \u201cArtificial intelligence\u201d and \u201cRobotics\u201d researches are being taught and conducted at Carnegie Mellon where each year, only few hundred of top software students\u00a0 are selected to enter this prestigious school.<\/p>\n

Joining NASA in 2008 after receiving his Ph.D. proved fortuitous, as David Thompson found himself working on the AEGIS project. “It was a very seamless transition from what I was doing at CMU,” he added.<\/p>\n

The unexpected longevity of Rover and its twin, Spirit, has enabled NASA to incorporate a number of advances in robotic autonomy that have been made since they landed on Mars. In 2007, for instance, navigation software developed by Carnegie Mellon was uploaded to the rovers, giving them the ability to maneuver around obstacles autonomously. By allowing Rover to make some decisions about observations, AEGIS will enable the rover to gather more data than previously possible. In the past, a rover would drive to a designated spot, take images with its wide-angle navigation camera and transmit the images to Earth; NASA scientists would then check for targets of interest to examine on a later day. Sometimes, time and data-volume constraints meant that the rover team would move the rover before a target was identified or before examining targets that didn’t have a high priority.<\/p>\n

Now, Rover can use the software at stopping points along a single day’s drive, or at the end of the day’s drive. Using criteria established by NASA scientist, the rover can identify and examine targets of interest that would otherwise be missed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong h\u01a1n s\u00e1u n\u0103m, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m sao Ho\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ea3nh quan sao Ho\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2854"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2855,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2854\/revisions\/2855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}