{"id":2843,"date":"2013-07-08T08:55:23","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T01:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2843"},"modified":"2013-07-08T08:55:23","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T01:55:23","slug":"loi-khuyen-khac-cho-nguoi-quan-li-du-an-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2843","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean kh\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cM\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n theo kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 KH\u00d4NG HI\u1ec6U QU\u1ea2. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hay h\u00e0n l\u00e2m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 40 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u2013 m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edd d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao hay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u0103m th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong ba th\u00e1ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng ba th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t?\u00a0 B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec – \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 10 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y? H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, d\u00f5i v\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. T\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho n\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5, th\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed5, c\u00e1m \u01a1n t\u1ed5 v\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9\u00a0 bi\u1ebft kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ngay khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111i sai. Khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. H\u1ecd ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ra l\u1ec7nh khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang cho t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n theo kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n “qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n” nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4n “qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u00f4n \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 Microsoft Project. M\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t n\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n d\u1ea1y kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i cho b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp. Ai s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf l\u1edbp. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng sau v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. T\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 4 t\u1edbi 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi t\u1ed5 10 t\u1edbi 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n 50 t\u1edbi 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201ch\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Sau khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Trong th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo nhi\u1ec1u kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1edb trong \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng v\u1ed9i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n 5 hay 8 n\u0103m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 \u1edf m\u00e3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd lo ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf sau v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u1edf sau ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00fang, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh cho t\u00f4i.” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra, t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa $ 150,000 t\u1edbi $ 250,00 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Another advice for Software Project Manager<\/p>\n

A software developer asked me: \u201cHow long does it take to be a software project manager? Do I need to take a training course to be a software project manager? Could a non-software people manage software project?\u201d<\/p>\n

I have written many articles on software project management and I always believe that only software developer could manage software projects effectively. Nobody would understands the important of software requirements, system architect, design, and the development environment more than software developers so obviously good software project managers must start with experiences in software development first. This is NOT to say that non-software people can not manage software project but without good background in software, they may NOT be EFFECTIVE. For many years, I have argued this point with professors from business management school and I do not want to have another debate. My advice is not base on any theory or academic studies but on my 40 years of working in the industry<\/p>\n

A good software project manager must know how to estimate efforts \u2013 how long does it take to complete the project and how many people do you need for the project. You can not guess but must breakdown project into small tasks and estimate the time it would need to complete these tasks. This require that you do understand software to break it down into tasks then estimate the effort for each task. You must know how to estimate the hours spent on each task so you can come up with the overall required time for the project then using that to review with senior manager or customer. You must know how to negotiate the schedule accordingly. If you need five months but customer believes that it can be done in three months then what would you do? What would happen if your senior manager agree with customers that three months is a good schedule?\u00a0 What would you do – agree with a schedule that can not be done or reject it?<\/p>\n

There are many documents that software project manager must do. A project plan, a schedule, many status reports, many time sheets for team members, and depending on certain methodology, you may need to fill out many forms and documents. These bureaucracy would occupy most of your time but you only have 10 working hours a day so what would you do? I do know some project managers are very happy to work on documents because they do not have to manage the project but is it your job to manage the project or to fill out paper works?<\/p>\n

What do software project managers do all day? Do they also have to hire people, build project team, define roles, responsibilities, assign works to team members, track progress, report status to senior manager and many more? Of course, project manager must do all of that and also solve problems among team members, create an environment where everybody would be motivated and happy. A happy team is a productive team so beside managing project, you also need to plan and participate in other social activities to keep the team motivate such as team building events, reward team success, thanks the team for doing good works. Good software project managers always communicate and keep the team informed about project status. They not only know technical aspect but they must also know how to be good people managers too.<\/p>\n

Good software project managers must know how to plan, manage, co-ordinate, monitor, administer, and support. They must know how to plan in detail, foresee problems and eliminate them before they occur. They must monitor constantly so they know as soon as things are going wrong. When problems occur, they must know how to deal with them immediately, they must address personal conflicts, resolve technical issues and keep senior managers informed on how projects are progressing, as well as keep customers happy. They make decisions, get consensus when they can, dictate when they must, and still keep projects progress accordingly. Basically they have to do many things and do them well.<\/p>\n

So after reading these, do you still want to be a project manager?<\/p>\n

How do you learn to be a good software project manager? Of course, you do need to take software project management training but beware, there are many “project management” courses but they are not \u201csoftware project management\u201d courses. There are differences between the two. Even with \u201cSoftware project management\u201d courses but some only teach you how to use a planning tool like Microsoft Project. A good skill to learn but you only know how to use a tool but not how to manage software projects. Some courses teach the administrative aspect of project management such as planning, reporting, and budget method but they may not teach you how to manage software projects. Some courses offer a qualification, but the primary aim is to get you to pass an exam at the end then give you a certificate but they may not teach you how to manage software projects. And of course, there are courses which do teach you how to manage software projects. That is why you must be careful in selecting the right courses and the right trainings.<\/p>\n

After complete all trainings, what would you do? some of you might think that managing small projects would be the next step. Who would give you that chance? Having a certificate is not a guarantee to get promoted to project manager. However, assume that you do have a chance to manage a small project then you may find out that you do not need all that formal project management things that you learned in class. Most small projects do not require the formal planning and control as taught in class then you are doing fine. But after few successful small projects now managers give you larger projects to manage. Suddenly what you do well in small project may not work well in larger project then you have major problems waiting. Scaling up is the most difficulty in software project management. This is why so many project managers who are successful with small projects failed in larger projects.<\/p>\n

I believe nothing is better than software project experience. You will gain much more valuable experience by moving from developer to team leader then move from team leader in small project to larger project. You learned by practicing from leading 4 to 6 person team to 10 to 20 person team and eventually to 50 to 100 person project. You will learn exactly how it all works without having the responsibility of managing the project. This \u201clearning by doing\u201d approach is excellent experience for would-be project managers. After gaining experiences then you move from team leader to project manager of small project then eventually to larger project. During these transition time, you can take as many training courses as necessary but always keep in mind that you are still learning and let time works for you. Do not be hurry, if it take 5 or 8 years then let it be because you want to be the \u201cbest software project manager\u201d.<\/p>\n

Many developers told me: \u201cIn that case, I definitely don’t want to be a project manager” This is typical reaction from students and developers after they talked with me about career advancement but my question is: \u201cIn that case what would you do? Do you think you can stay forever as software developers? If you do not making progress in your career then you will be worry most of your life as new people would come in and they want your jobs. In this fast changing world, not making progress means stay behind and getting behind means you may be eliminated. The right attitude would be \u201cThis is a great opportunity and with good advices, I think I could do it and this is the job for me”. These are people who will make things happen, make a difference and manage projects better than other people and their reward would be endless.<\/p>\n

By the way, a good software project manager could make between $ 150,000 to $ 250,00 dollars a year plus bonus such as stock options.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cM\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n theo kho\u00e1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2843"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2843\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2844,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2843\/revisions\/2844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}