{"id":2840,"date":"2013-07-08T08:51:33","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T01:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2840"},"modified":"2013-07-08T08:51:33","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T01:51:33","slug":"qui-trinh-cho-du-an-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2840","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i tuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eadu cho h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e2m v\u00e0o r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh m\u1edbi cho n\u00ean l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?”<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201c\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1edbi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ta h\u1ecfi: \u201cSao l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ‘kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft” v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. L\u00ed do cho “ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang” l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i coi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i, c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n: \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cD\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, \u00f4ng th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cSao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng pha \u0111\u1ea7u? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t. Khi \u00f4ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau hay h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.”<\/p>\n

“H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t l\u00e2u h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i, cho n\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm. Do s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i.”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169, h\u1ecd tranh c\u00e3i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cV\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y chuy\u00ean l\u1eafp r\u00e1p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang. Sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y. K\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho ch\u00fang. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m nom t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m xem m\u00e3 c\u00f3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sai? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ki\u1ec3m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do cho c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0m sao? \u00d4ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i?\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu\u1ed7i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nhau. R\u1ed3i t\u1ed5 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cSao \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau s\u1ebd h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tu\u00e2n theo. Thay v\u00ec qui tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, \u00f4ng n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh song h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhg ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng cho t\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tham d\u1ef1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. Sau ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Sau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, th\u00ec t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ecdi pha \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed), m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3. M\u1ecdi m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Sau khi m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda theo qui tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh song h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. L\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft theo \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed1c, m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1edbm v\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1eabn nhau. Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi pha sau. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00e0?\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cV\u00e2ng, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng qui tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ai \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec hay ai l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Process for software project<\/p>\n

Last week, a friend who owns a software company called me: \u201cAfter working for a software company for six years, I started my own company. I hired top graduated students and paid them well, I had several customers and my company grew fast. However, currently we are having problems with high defects and schedule slippages. If these problems continue, my company will be in trouble. As the owner, I usually spent most of my time with customers to bring in new business so how could I fix these problems and continue to grow my company?<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cYou can not ignore problems by spending time with customers and let people work without any supervising. Defect correction requires most of developers\u2019 time and it is probably the main reason for schedule slippage. The urgent thing to do now is focusing on finding and fixing defects. I think you need to conduct more reviews to identify defects and correct them as soon as possible. In these reviews, you must have all developers and testers come and learn how defects were made and how to fix them.<\/p>\n

He asked: \u201cWhy everybody? I can not have people who do not work in the same project to attend the reviews. It is a waste of time\u201d.<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cTypically, developers in project always have reviews among themselves to find and fix defects. These defects are “unknown” to other developers who did not attend reviews and they could make the same mistakes again. The reason for \u201cexclusive reviews\u201d is developers do not want others to find out about their mistakes. However, as the company owner, you should consider reviews as learning process so every defect found is a learning opportunity. The more developers know about the cause of defects, the easier it is to avoid making them.<\/p>\n

He seemed satisfy: \u201cOK, I could start with reviews and have all developers to come and learn. What else could I do?<\/p>\n

I continued: \u201cTypical software project starts with few people then as it progresses, you add more people to it. Most project management courses always teach this gradual approach and it works well with construction business. You only need few architects in the beginning but when architect and design phases are done, company brings in more workers to do construction. However, with software project this approach does not work well. It would be better if you could start with a full staff in the beginning.<\/p>\n

He was surprised: \u201cWhy do we need more people in the early phases? That will cost more money\u201d.<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cThat is why many software projects are having problems. You start with only few people to work with customers\u2019 requirements and they understand what to do. Then they begin to architect and design the system. Because they work on the project from the beginning, they get along well. When you add more people to the project later, new people do not have time to know each others or form an effective teamwork. Personal conflicts may happen during this time. New people do not have time to understand requirements but they have to design and write code immediately.<\/p>\n

They may not know how to integrate their works with the system architect. They may not understand the functional detailed of the system but they have to get their works done within limited schedules. This is where many mistakes are made. The new people are expected to figure out everything on their own in a very short time. Of course, they have questions and they have to ask others who are there in the beginning to help. This may disrupt project works because the time to teach new people about the project always take longer than expected, so the project may be late. Due to schedule pressure, people must hurry to get their works done and more defects are made.<\/p>\n

He nodded: \u201cI never think of that, you may be right. There are problems between new people and old people, they argued all the time\u201d What else do I need to do?.<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cThe traditional software life cycle is a serial approach similar to the assembly line in industry. First, requirements engineer works with customers to document all requirements. The system architect would figure out how the system works based on these requirements. Then developers would designs and then write code. Next, testers would test them. After all tests are completed, the software product is released to customers. Let\u2019s look at this approach. The requirements engineer only concerns about what customer needs and focuses on document them. The architect based everything on the requirements document and designs the system. The developers focus mostly on writing code based on the design. Testers do not care how the whole system is designed but only on their test cases whether the code passes tests or not. What would happen when the requirements are wrong? What would happen if the design is missing some functions? What would happen when testers checked in code that is not documented in the requirements document? What would happen if there are new functions added at the last minute. If the testers do not know about the new functionality, they can\u2019t test it. That is the reason this assembly line approach really does not work well with software. The waterfall life cycle is good for teaching, it is easy to understand but it does not work well in the industry.<\/p>\n

My friend hesitated for awhile: \u201cThat is what we always do? What do you suggest that we do differently?\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cThat is why software engineering training requires that company must define the development process that fully integrate all team members as early as possible. The defined process is not a serial activity but an incremental with all roles fully integrated. It is very important to start with a full staff or at least a majority of people in the beginning. The project manager must discussed each team member\u2019s role, responsibilities and what each person needed to do to be successful. The teamwork training in the beginning will create a number of discussions, where team members can talk about what they need from each other. The team then present their needs, their views to the project manager. After the first few weeks on the project, the team can come up with a process that everyone know what their tasks are, and how to work them. This information should be documented as part of the project team process where everyone know what the project priorities are, and how to make decisions to satisfy the project needs.<\/p>\n

My friend asked: \u201cWhy do you need few weeks to build team? Is it too much?<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cTeamwork is the most important activity in software project. You can not expect that people who do not know each other will get along well in a few days. They need time to know each others and come up with a defined process that everyone would agree to follow. Instead of a serial process, you should ask the team to developed a concurrent process to build software. For example, the architect defines an overall architecture of the software product, specifying features for each release and conducts an initial review where every team members should attend. This is the time where everybody should really learn about the technical aspects and ask questions if needed. After the initial review, a group of developers will start the design immediately when another group is working on the system tests. After the design, the team must conduct a design review with the entire team and the test group must make sure that their system tests will work well with the design. If everything is fine, then the team can start the detailed design and implementation, at the same time the test group will work on the development of functional tests. Every phase must have review attend by the entire team to make sure they coordinate their activities and their works are fully integrated. By the time the code was written and tested (unit tested), everyone will be ready for code reviews. All code must go through reviews before being placed in configuration management system. After the code is checked in, testers will start testing and any defects identified must be fixed according to a change process. Basically, everything in the project must follow a well-defined concurrent process and project manager must use metrics to verify everything. Project schedules should be tracked against original estimates, all requirements must be managed, as well as any defects. By having everybody participate early and help define the process, team members understand their works and major milestones. They know what they need to do each week and verify their works with each others. In this collaborative efforts, team members could notice when a problem happens and take corrective action rather than wait until later phase. If the team is following a well defined process, they can improve the way they deal with defects and schedule slippages, and eventually all projects will be improved.<\/p>\n

My friend said: \u201cSo you think teamwork and process are critical factors for project improvement?\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cYes, definitely. Software process may sound simple but they represent a dramatic change in the way people do their works. With teamwork, people recognized that their work is a collaboration efforts where everything must be integrated. This is the key to the success of all development works, no one works alone. With software engineering disciplines, they will know what to do and what to do next. Having discipline is the first step to grow your company. In addition to these technical processes, you can improve your management processes too. Until there is a well-defined development process, it is difficult to know who are doing what or who are good and who are not. The well-defined process allows project managers to understand development works and role, responsibility of each team members. This give managers the opportunity to work with people whose works are not acceptable, and reward people who do outstanding work.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2840"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2842,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2840\/revisions\/2842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}