{"id":2813,"date":"2013-07-07T21:29:54","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T14:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2813"},"modified":"2013-07-07T21:29:54","modified_gmt":"2013-07-07T14:29:54","slug":"cong-nhan-phan-mem-nuoc-ngoai-o-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2813","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf M\u0129"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 ban h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh visa di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H1B v\u00e0 L-1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Maryland d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hank Lucas t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Maryland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m theo visa t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi H1B ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng 9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129. Khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c visa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (th\u1ebb xanh) h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng 12.9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lucas thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb 50,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT M\u0129 v\u00e0 900 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n theo visa t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi H1B, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p l\u00ed cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 M\u0129. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 m\u1ed9t tranh c\u00e3i l\u1edbn \u1edf M\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lucas, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT theo visa H-1B ki\u1ebfm trung b\u00ecnh $75,358 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 trung b\u00ecnh $66,836. Li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, Ts. Lucas n\u00f3i: “Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 di c\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua m\u1ee9c k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u0129. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng ti M\u0129 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng hay tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Ts. Lindsay Lowell, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Georgetown th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o theo H-1B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p trong ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Ts. Jacob Funk Kirkegaard kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Khoa Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 l\u1edbn ch\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng H-1B v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a M\u0129 cho nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: “C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd \u00edt h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ho\u00e1 n\u00f3 cho h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.”<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 700,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u1edf M\u0129 theo visa H1B; trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, con s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Foreign software workers in the U.S<\/p>\n

Because of the shortage of critical skills, the U.S government issues a special immigration visa called H1B and L-1 to allow skilled foreign workers to enter and work in the U.S. However, many people criticize that this program allows companies to hire workers at lower salaries than market rate and basically take jobs away from U.S workers. But new published research from the University of Maryland seems to contradict this claims. The research found that most skilled foreign workers actually earn more than U.S workers, not less.<\/p>\n

Professor Hank Lucas from University of Maryland has analyzed salaries of Information technology (IT) workers in the past five years. He found that foreign workers on temporary H1B visas earned about 9 percent more than U.S workers. When they obtain a permanent visas (Green card), they earned about 12.9 percent more than U.S Workers. Professor Lucas collected data from 50,000 U.S IT workers and 900 H1B temporary visas workers, he believed that his sample is reasonably representative of the U.S. population. The research published by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences triggered a big debate in the U.S about foreign workers.<\/p>\n

According to professor Lucas, H-1B visa IT workers earned an average of $75,358 a year compared with the average U.S. worker\u2019s salary of $66,836. Regarding why U.S companies pay more for foreign worker. Dr. Lucas said: “Much of the immigration studies in this country ignores the skill levels. Most people believe foreign workers are unskilled labor that come and take away the jobs of America citizens. The U.S does not have enough highly skilled people and have them come in can benefit our country significantly. The U.S companies hire foreign IT workers for their skills or expertise that they can not get from American workers. Why they get paid more? We were searching for a better explanation but could not find anything. So it had to be something intangible. Based on our interviews with managers who hire IT foreign workers, most told me that beside their skills, they are highly motivated, diligent, more experiences, and willing to do more than U.S workers\u201d.<\/p>\n

Another study from Dr. Lindsay Lowell, at GeorgetownUniversity found that many H-1Bs are paid lower wages in the first three years but when they have enough experiences, they earn more than comparable U.S. workers. Another researcher at the Institute for International Economics, Dr. Jacob Funk Kirkegaard examined the Department of Labor’s database also found that many large U.S. corporations offer their H-1B workers salaries substantially above the U.S. wage for specific skills. He said: “There are lot of data about some companies bringing in foreign workers and paying them less than the market wage, but you can’t take that and generalize it to thousands of people. What we study is strictly on IT skill alone and this is an area that we do not have enough workers. We are sure that some areas may pay less but not in information technology.<\/p>\n

Currently, there are 700,000 high-skill IT workers in the U.S on H1B visas and in the next few years, it will reach over a million .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 ban h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh visa di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H1B v\u00e0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2813"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2814,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions\/2814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}