{"id":2796,"date":"2013-07-07T21:14:03","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T14:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2796"},"modified":"2013-07-07T21:14:03","modified_gmt":"2013-07-07T14:14:03","slug":"chat-luong-phan-mem-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2796","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email h\u1ecfi: \u201cAi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng? L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?”<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111o h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hay m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u1ebfu qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ‘kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1eddng minh” th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v.v.). N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “t\u01b0\u1eddng minh” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1eddng minh” th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SQA) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “t\u01b0\u1eddng minh” nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00edt khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1eddng minh” nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v.v. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SQA s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. SQA s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m theo l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 SQA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. SQA ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

Trong khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, SQA ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo qui tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00e0o theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n (trong m\u1ed9t hay hai tu\u1ea7n). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft mau l\u1eb9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed SQA v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software quality<\/p>\n

I received an email asking: \u201cWho is responsible for the quality of the software? Should it be Software Quality Assurance because it is their job or the tester who should test for quality? How do I measure the quality of a software product?<\/p>\n

My answer: \u201cDefect is one way to measure the quality of the product but there are more. Basically, Software requirements are the foundation from which quality is measured. If the final product does not meet the requirements then it is not a quality product. Every project must follow a defined process or a set of criteria that guide the software activities. If the process is not followed, the development is also not a high quality. There is also a set of \u201cimplicit\u201d requirements that often goes unmentioned (e.g. maintainability, performance, usability, scalability etc.). If software only conforms to its \u201cexplicit\u201d requirements but fails to meet its \u201cimplicit\u201d requirements then software quality is also not very good.<\/p>\n

The question on software quality rests with who is responsible for the quality of software? Who is responsible for setting quality goals? Without the proper answers, the software quality could be compromised.<\/p>\n

Software Quality Assurance (SQA) can only review the project to ensure that the development process are being followed and certain tests are being conducted properly but they can not be responsible for the quality of the software. Software testers are responsible for testing the software to ensure that it meets the requirements and runs accordingly but they are not responsible for the quality of software. Actually the project manager and the development team who implement the software are responsible for the quality of the software. The project manager must set the quality goals both for the \u201cExplicit\u201d requirements such as meeting requirements and less defects and \u201cImplicit\u201d requirements such as performance, usability and scalability etc. To ensure that the software will be implemented correctly, the project manager should identify a number of reviews throughout the project and document them in the project plan.<\/p>\n

The SQA member will review the project by following the project plan defined by the project manager. The SQA will meet with the Project manager approximately one week prior to a scheduled review to discuss the actual date, the artifacts to be reviewed, the project team members whom SQA can contact should questions arise. SQA must prepare the checklists and review the artifacts prior to the review date.<\/p>\n

During the review, SQA must review the project teamwork activities by checking the resulting work artifacts against the associated process defined in the project plan and the checklists. The results will be recorded to determine compliances and reported to the project manager. The project manager must resolve any noncompliant issues in a timely fashion (Within one to two weeks). Noncompliant issues that are not resolved promptly shall be escalated to the SQA manager and the Software manager to address the situation with the project manager. If they cannot solve the issue then it must be escalated to the Software Director or Product Manager who ultimately must solve the problem to ensure quality product.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email h\u1ecfi: \u201cAi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2797,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796\/revisions\/2797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}