{"id":2772,"date":"2013-07-07T19:39:15","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2772"},"modified":"2013-07-07T19:39:15","modified_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:39:15","slug":"cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-cua-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2772","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u bang \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9: \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u $150 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong n\u0103m 1990. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean qu\u00e1 $4 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2009, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1edbi $ 87 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1990 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2.5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2009. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trung b\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam 40 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Brazil v\u00e0 Nga l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trao cho B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (MIT) m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh: \u201cL\u00e0m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng CNTT.\u201d C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng KH\u00d4NG th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1eafm nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 Malaysia. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Chandra n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi 100% h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p (kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i). B\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u cho t\u1edbi USD $10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thanh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu 100% c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf; vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p; c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb thu\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ti trong 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt kh\u1eaft khe nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 100%. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn nhanh cho c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 nh\u01b0 Motorola, IBM, Apple, Oracle v\u00e0 Texas Instruments.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 Bangalore hay \u201cThung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Intel, Novell, Philips, Siemens, Sony, Samsung, Microsoft, v\u00e0 Texas Instruments t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chi nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Bangalore. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho m\u1ecdi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kinh doanh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thay v\u00ec cho n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 l\u00fac th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m 2000” (Y2K) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. B\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn (nh\u01b0, Fortran, Cobol v.v.), nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Y2K cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5ng l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau Y2K, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay Bangalore \u0111ang l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u00a0Chi ph\u00ed \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u00a0Giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf Bangalore l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7, c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Bangalore l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u0169ng m\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, Bangalore \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 chi ph\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin Hyderabad (HITEC). V\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 xi be tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay. H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Bangalore, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn” v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi l\u1edbp ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng ti, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea h\u1ecd sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt khi h\u1ecd \u0103n tr\u01b0a \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed7. Ng\u00e0y nay, Microsoft v\u00e0 Oracle \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7u theo lu\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe bus trong to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn giao th\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p mua b\u00e1n, v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf l\u1edbn.\u00a0Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi Internet qua c\u00e1p s\u1ee3i quang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o videom, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec7 tinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1eb9p l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u00f4i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 do \u201cc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Chandra \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

India’s technology industry<\/p>\n

Last week I was in India to conduct research on global software trends. I was impressed by the progress there, so I would like to share with you some interesting things, mostly about the competition between several states in India:<\/p>\n

According to Indian Government, The India Information Technology (IT) industry exported $150 million in 1990. By 2000 that number had jumped to over $4 billion then by 2009, that number exploded to $ 87 billion dollars. The industry has grown from several thousands developers in 1990 to more than 2.5 million developers in 2009. Because developers earn significant higher salaries than the average workers, the IT industry has directly or indirectly created additional 40 million non-software jobs and pushed India\u2019s economy to the fastest growth in history in less than twenty years. Today, India together with China, Brazil and Russia are the fastest growth economies in the world and could passing the U.S and European countries by 2015.<\/p>\n

How did they do it? It began in 1990 when the Indian government gave the Ministry of Information Technology (MIT) a mission: \u201cTo make India an IT superpower\u201d. The core of this strategy is the development and growth of technology parks for both software and hardware. However, The hardware parks are NOT so successful as expected because of high competition from other countries such as China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. My friend Chandra told me: \u201cIf we were not successful in hardware then we can focus in software. At that time, We did not know that software was the right thing\u201d.<\/p>\n

The SoftwareTechnologyPark is an autonomous organization of the Ministry of Information Technology which is 100% export-oriented for the development and export of computer software, including export of professional services (Outsourcing). Within the park, companies can set up facilities with complex infrastructural for providing support to customers worldwide. Any projects involving imported capital goods up to USD $10 millions are cleared by local authorities; Foreign companies are allowed to set up their own with 100% ownership; \u00a0All imports products to the Park are completely duty free; Re-export of products is permitted; Companies operate in the Park are exempted from corporate income tax for the first 10 years of operation;<\/p>\n

In addition to special incentives, Indian government also issues the Intellectual Property laws where the copyright of computer software is protected under the provisions of Indian Copyright Act. This make Indian Copyright law, one of the toughest in the world and ensures foreign companies that their investment is protected 100%. The government also issues the Stimulation of Production laws where Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is encouraged with fast approval for foreign technology collaboration agreements. Because of these incentives, within a short time, India has attracted many U.S. companies such as Motorola, IBM, Apple, Oracle and Texas Instruments.\u00a0 Today, U.S. companies are India\u2019s primary investors in these technology parks.<\/p>\n

The most well known TechnologyPark is probably Bangalore or the \u201cSilicon Valley of the East\u201d. The region\u2019s skilled English-speaking workers with low wages, a strong local government support are the key factors that lured foreign companies to the region. Companies like Intel, Novell, Philips, Siemens, Sony, Samsung, Microsoft, and Texas Instruments all have subsidiaries in Bangalore. The Indian government early on recognized the software industry as a major area of growth so they implemented an income-tax exemptions on profits from all software exports. This encourage more local Indian companies to start their own businesses, especially in outsourcing. Beside the technical skills, Indian software developers are mostly fluent in English as compare with others and it is the key factor why so many countries are outsourcing to India instead of others. The outsourcing trend started in the late 90s where the world was under the impression that the \u201cYear 2000 computer problem\u201d (Y2K) could shut down many information systems. Because of the shortage of developers who could work on mainframe computers with skills in mainframe languages (i.e., Fortran, Cobol etc.), many countries have to outsource the Y2K works to India where workers are willing to work on mainframes issues. However, after the Y2K, many companies realized that Indian developers can also work in many areas with significant lower costs than their own people and the outsourcing to India exploded.<\/p>\n

However, today Bangalore is running into problems.\u00a0Costs are skyrocketing all over the region. The software developers are seeking higher wages and change jobs frequently. The infrastructure issues of the area, such as road and transport issues, are producing many problems.\u00a0Traffic in Bangalore is very bad, power cut happens daily even most companies do has their own power generators. The cost of living is also getting higher every years. The success of Bangalore triggers more competitions from other cities who also open their own technology parks with better infrastructures and lower costs. Despite the challenges, Bangalore is expected to continue its growth and be the dominant player in India\u2019s high-tech future.<\/p>\n

Another successful Indian Technology Parks is the Hyderabad Information Technology Engineering Consultancy City (HITEC). With the vision to become a cyber-metropolis by 2020 to provide world class infrastructure facilities for the global IT industry under one place. This is probably the most modern and fastest growing city in India today. Learning from the problems of Bangalore, the local government has well designed development plans. The most impressive thing to me is the location of universities \u201cmixed in\u201d with industries which created a very favorable atmosphere to foster innovation and collaboration. Students can go to classes right next to companies that may hire them after graduate. In some area, I saw students and workers participate in technical discussions as they have lunch in the same places. Today, Microsoft and Oracle already move in and occupy a large portion of the facilities there. My friends told me that many global technology companies are waiting anxiously for some facilities are being built. From what I have seen, this city has the most modern infrastructure in India, local government promises uninterrupted power and exemption from statutory power cuts. Local government also has built roads, public works, and public transportation services with bus services throughout the city to avoid traffic jams. It also has many world-class hotels, large shopping complex, and a large medical center.\u00a0The city also invested in high speed connection to the Internet through fiber optic cables with communication links to the world. It has telephony, video conferencing, and satellite service.\u00a0 All of these service are provided by government agencies at lower costs to business.<\/p>\n

Despite all the plans and progress, India still has a lot of problems. The education system is very slow to adapt to changes, even most large companies already created their own universities or training centers but the shortage of higher skilled workers is real and it would take several more years to narrow the gap. The social inequities are still exists, especially in some Eastern states. The gap between rich and poor are growing larger, some due to the \u201cSocial caste structure\u201d. However, India has established itself as a technology focus nation to bring about more desired change and as my friend Chandra told me: \u201cNo country is poor if it invest in education. Education, especially technology education will help advancing India from an agriculture focus to technology focus as we are entering the information age\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2772"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2774,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2772\/revisions\/2774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}