{"id":2762,"date":"2013-07-07T19:30:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2762"},"modified":"2013-07-07T19:30:10","modified_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:30:10","slug":"cong-ti-phan-mem-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2762","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p – Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Chandra n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec CMMI M\u1ee9c 5 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t CMMI M\u1ee9c 3 hay t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m vi\u201d, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf trong c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9cl 5 th\u00ec h\u1ecd k\u00eau to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI level 5. B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 5, ISO 9000, Six Sigma, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Khi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi CMMI, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u00e1c m\u1edbi\u201d. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Khi t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, trong ph\u1ea1m vi chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi \u00edt khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 CMMI m\u1ee9c 5 hay Six sigma l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u201cvi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u1ecb k\u00e9m h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea5u cho kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd khi h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c, agile, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u00ean intranet c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Chandra b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o d\u1eabn l\u00e1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tham gia s\u1edbm v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qui tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ETVX v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0o, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ra cho t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec thi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Chandra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0n l\u00e2m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi qu\u1ed1c gia cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi “h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t” v\u00ec k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ea7n 60% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0a th\u00edch k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c k\u00ec c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111ang cao th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau hao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1edbi 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n di c\u01b0 sang M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng thu x\u1ebfp visa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Chandra b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cV\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang mua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c sang c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00ec khan hi\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cao, “\u01b0u th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia hi v\u1ecdng thay th\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi r\u1ebb h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp sau\u201d nh\u01b0ng Chandra b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cBao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i t\u00ecm lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang t\u00ecm tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c” tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ea1nh tranh nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG coi k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 “lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb” m\u00e0 l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao\u201d.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c cho kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a kinh doanh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c quan v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p. Chandra b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00f3ng th\u00ec ch\u1ea7y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng CNTT.\u201d<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Indian software companies<\/p>\n

Software companies in India understand that quality is the key discriminator for their success oversea. They also know that the quality software is depending on the quality of the process that creates the software so they pay a lot of attention to their processes. That is probably the reason why many select the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) as their quality standard. My friend Chandra told me that since CMMI Level 5 is the highest achievement possible, most companies did not want to have an appraisal until they are sure that they will achieve at least a CMMI Level 3 or better. The issue here is the \u201cScope inflation\u201d that many companies advertised to get attention of customers. For example, if a small group in the company achieves CMMI level 5 then they claim the whole company achieves CMMI level 5. Because of this \u201cHype\u201d, I am NOT surprised to find that so many companies have achieved CMMI level 5, ISO 9000, Six Sigma, and whatever standards that they can claimed. When I visited these companies, they proudly showed me collection of impressive documents as required by the CMMI, many look \u201cBrand new\u201d. When I asked software developers about this, many laughed and confirmed that those documents were for show, but NOT used. When I told them that there is no requirement for such standard for doing business globally, they were surprised. They told me that they were under the impression that they need at least CMMI Level 3 to do business in the U.S. I told them that quality means meeting customers\u2019 requirements, within costs and schedule with fewer defects. No company that I know requires suppliers to have CMMI level 5 or Six sigma as condition to do business. I also told them that \u201cfalse advertising\u201d may hurt not help as customers may have higher expectation and if they underperform, it would be bad for their businesses.<\/p>\n

Despite this issue, I found that most companies do follow strict quality standards of their own as they use a variety of software development models such as waterfall, spiral, agile, and rapid application development. Many companies have in-house documents and manuals stored on their intranets so their people can access and learn things quickly. I was also impressed with the way they collect data and use metrics to manage projects. My friend Chandra told me that the software industry’s approach to managing projects has improved significantly based on their experiences with global customers. Today many are using quantitative process management because metrics drive all development activities. Project managers involve with project teams early and manage their projects according to project plans, quality plans, and configuration management plans. Many define their project\u2019s process using the ETVX model with entry criteria, task identification, verification methods, and exit criteria for each process element. Senior managers monitor projects status with in-house development tools on a monthly basis and actions are taken immediately if problem happens. Comparing the engineering disciplines between India companies and other places that I have visited, I have to note that I was very impressed with both the managers and developers.<\/p>\n

Even there is a critical shortage of skilled developers, Indian software companies are still having strict criteria for hiring. Only the top of the class students are selected and they have to pass several technical tests before they get hired. After that, they still have to undergo several months of training before they can work in projects. Chandra explained: \u201cThere is a big gap between academic training at state universities and what the industry needs. To graduate, students must pass state exams so many \u201ccram\u201d for exams and memorize things rather than learning how to apply their knowledge. The result is many graduates, almost 60% of them do NOT have the skills to work in the industry. That is why even our universities graduate almost half million engineers per year, there is still a critical shortage of qualified workers. This is why most graduates must spend several months in additional trainings which is very expensive to company and that is why many companies are open their own universities to ensure that their students have the right skills. In the past, most companies hired computer science graduates but recently many prefer software engineers as they are moving more into higher value works of system management, requirements analysis, architect and design and outsource code and test. With our tremendous success in outsourcing, we can move to better positions and eventually will get into total systems development and management. There is not much profit in coding or testing so we outsource them to other countries, our people should be working on higher profits works\u201d.<\/p>\n

However, there is another issue with well-trained skilled developers as the demand is so high, many frequently change jobs for better salaries. The attrition rate in India varied between 15 percent to 30 percent. Today, many skilled developers also want to emigrate to the United States or Europe for better positions as many companies there are willing to make arrangements for work visa. Indian software companies are countering this problem by expanding more oversea to create opportunities for their developers to work abroad. Chandra told me: \u201cWith our success, many Indian companies are acquiring companies in the U.S and Europe to have a firm hold to the local market and sending their developers to work there. Whether their people want to work for Indian companies oversea or change jobs to local U.S or European companies is still the question\u201d.<\/p>\n

As the shortage of skilled developers continues and as companies have to raise salaries to get workers to meet high demands, the \u201cIndian price advantage\u201d will probably change within the next few years. There are countries hoping to replace India as \u201cThe next cheaper destination\u201d but Chandra told me: \u201cThere will always be company who look for cheaper labors but the rule has changed as more companies are now looking for knowledge and skills and no longer care about cheap labors anymore. There is a critical shortage of \u201cknowledge workers\u201d all over the world and our top software companies who take pride in their works hope to compete strictly on the basis of skills, quality and values. Someday, people will NOT consider Indian engineers as \u201cCheap Labors\u201d but \u201cHighly Skilled Workers\u201d.<\/p>\n

Despite the financial crisis, India\u2019s software export continue to increase over the past several years. I found that most Indian software companies placed great value in meeting their customers’ needs and providing the highest quality services possible. Of course, language is not a problem since English is the language of business in India. I also noticed a very confident and optimistic attitude about their future in every places and people that I met. Chandra told me: \u201cWe know that we are on the right course, we know that software is the right direction, and we know that sooner or later we will be an IT superpower\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2762"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2763,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2762\/revisions\/2763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}