{"id":2760,"date":"2013-07-07T19:27:14","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2760"},"modified":"2013-07-07T19:27:14","modified_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:27:14","slug":"thanh-pho-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2760","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang kinh nghi\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean “to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1” h\u01a1n. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cth\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o “ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m cho kinh doanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “\u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ho\u00e1” theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i lan ra to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khi nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00fat t\u1edbi do “t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d: V\u1ecb tr\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u00a0 nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, Singapore, Hong Kong v\u00e0 New York. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Bangalore, \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, San Jose.) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u0169 nh\u01b0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Th\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Seoul v\u00e0 Tokyo.) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Boston, San Francisco, London). Tu\u1ef3 theo ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ki\u1ec3u “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u” n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 k\u00e9p t\u1ea1i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. V\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Trong khi t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00ed do kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u00f3i chung m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 “c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee1 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m th\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n” trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thu v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Bangalore, Hyderabad, \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, Th\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT), k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u then ch\u1ed1t.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chung m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i quang cung c\u1ea5p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng megabit, ho\u1eb7c qua nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee3i quang hay qua t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0 \u00a0truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec7 tinh.\u00a0B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 50W\/ b\u1ed9 vu\u00f4ng.\u00a0V\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 30,000 b\u1ed9 vu\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1.5 MW cho m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xem nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u1eefa. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u then ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa l\u1ed9.\u00a0 C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn.\u00a0 V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi tu\u1ef3 theo chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0V\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t, kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0V\u1edbi khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m qui \u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u01a1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, hay bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm thu nh\u1eadp cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 huy cho kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng l\u00ean. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xung \u0111\u1ed9t, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n cao.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Global city<\/p>\n

With globalization, many cities are now experiencing significant changes in economic base and social structure as they become more “globalized\u201d. The term \u201cGlobal cities\u201d is relatively new and can be defined as the city where international investment, co-ordination, and collaboration are integrated into \u201cspecial functions\u201d to participate in the global economy.<\/p>\n

Traditionally, city is the center for business such as market, manufacturing, trade and banking but with globalization, some cities now are \u201cspecialized\u201d in certain function to contribute more to the world economy and draw more international companies to come in and operate. Global city is really an evolution of Technology parks where it grows from a limited designated area then spread all over a city as more businesses are drawn in due to the \u201cSpecialization\u201d of the economic development.<\/p>\n

There are four types of \u201cGlobal city\u201d: A global location focusing on finance, banking and trading where many international financial companies move in and operate such as Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong and New York. A global location focusing on information technology that provide services globally, this type of city is now the leading economic sectors. (For example, Bangalore, Dalian, San Jose) A global location focusing on manufacturing products, including both the old manufacturing such as equipments, machinery and the new technology production such as electronics. (For example Shenyang, Seoul and Tokyo) A global location focusing on research and innovations where global laboratories operate. (For example Boston, San Francisco, London). Depending on local government who has vision for their cities, certain type of \u201cGlobal city\u201d can take shape where specialized industries can structured and operate accordingly and emerge as transnational locations for foreign investment, for the production, services, financial, and for various international markets.<\/p>\n

As highly specialized centers in the structure of the world economy, global cities are well known for their economic power. They become the locations for global companies, institutions, and organizations to move in to operate, manage, and provide certain economic aspects across the world. Basically, global cities perform a dual role at the intersection of the global economy and the host nations. What contributes to growth in these global cities also contribute to growth in the host nations. As global cities are places of production and distribution of products and services globally, it also accumulate a lot of investment capitals where distribution of jobs and financial circulation are organized and managed.<\/p>\n

While each country may have different reasons for establishing global cities, generally the primary goal is to increase the number of “entrepreneurial, knowledge-based small and medium-sized companies” in an global economy because these companies are the backbone for the growth of the local economy.\u00a0Developing countries with no local expertise in technology, may designate a city to focus on a specialty, for example \u201cInformation technology city\u201d to attract foreign direct investment and to create more local jobs and tax revenues. There are several successful global models such as Bangalore, Hyderabad, Dalian, Shenyang, and Shanghai, where these cities contribute significantly to the country\u2019s economy.<\/p>\n

The infrastructure needed to support a global city vary widely based on the specialization. For a city want to specialize in information technology (IT), good Internet connectivity is a key requirement.\u00a0This generally extends to the availability of fiber optics networks offering at least megabit transmission speeds and redundant connectivity, either through multiple fiber providers or through a combination of different transmission media, such as fiber optic cables and satellite transmission.\u00a0Additionally, a reliable and abundant power supply is also necessary to run large data centers, which typically consume 50W\/square foot.\u00a0With the average data center estimated at 30,000 square feet, this corresponds to 1.5 MW per data center as a minimum. Of course, global city must have more than just good infrastructure but also skilled workforce. Another key requirement is having several universities with certain specialization in the surroundings to provide the needed skilled workers.<\/p>\n

Given the competitive nature of business today, another important factor of a global city is proximity to transportation infrastructure, particularly airports, seaports, and highways.\u00a0 Frequent flights and short distances to major international cities are a prerequisite to attract significant foreign investment.\u00a0 Public transportation and rail networks can also be important to ease traffic problem. Special-purpose facilities may also be needed depending on the specialty of the global city’s activities and the needs of the business.\u00a0For intensive manufacturing operations such as semiconductor chip manufacturing, access to chemical suppliers, metals and a large supply of fresh water are important.\u00a0For technology area, a location with several universities with strong training programs to provide highly skilled workers and basic services with convention centers, hotels capable of hosting international conferences are key factors to draw foreign investment.<\/p>\n

There is another side of global cities where social polarization does happens in occupational and income structure. This view considers that people who work in global city are mostly well-educated, socially mobile, and earn high incomes than those who live in nearby cities. Because global cities are the command centers for the world economy, workers who have received higher education continue to earn more while people who do NOT have the education and skill will not have much chance and the social inequalities increase. A low-skilled and low-paid working class that support global cities do exist alongside, but usually in a separated from the professionals. In other word, Global city is a place of exceptional wealth and affluence, but they are also places of severe disadvantage and deprivation. To reduce the chance of conflict, a strong vocational education to develop supporting workers for better wages along side with the higher education for skilled workers would be highly desirable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang kinh nghi\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2761,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2760\/revisions\/2761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}