{"id":2755,"date":"2013-07-07T19:20:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2755"},"modified":"2013-07-07T19:20:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-07T12:20:31","slug":"canh-tranh-voi-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2755","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay khu v\u1ef1c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 15% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (GDP). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u00a0 Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng Rupee l\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 la.\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai, nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m cho khu v\u1ef1c chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Chandra b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u0111ang nh\u00ecn sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Google, Microsoft, Oracle v.v.. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a visa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u1ed1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i h\u00e1i ra ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Philippines, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebb m\u1edbi t\u1edbi kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i nhanh trong kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn cho gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u2018\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u0103m\u2019 t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i.\u00a0 Ai C\u1eadp c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ed1t, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.\u00a0C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi, h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch khuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh l\u1eddi cao n\u00e0y.\u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi t\u1eeb Trung \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn sang ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf “g\u1ea7n b\u1edd”. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Chandra b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean n\u00e0y trong c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eafng kinh doanh m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111ang c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho kinh doanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 bang n\u00e0o n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 xi be”. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cCh\u00fang ta t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc?\u201d<\/p>\n

Chandra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang v\u00e0o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m k\u00e9m trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 “kinh nghi\u1ec7m chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u” \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n cung nhi\u1ec1u. \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i di \u0111\u1ed9ng trong mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 400,000 t\u1edbi 600,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 qu\u00e3ng 800,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea5p qu\u00e3ng 450,000 b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00f4 \u0111i l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n thay v\u00ec thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o. Cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i sai nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111i sai v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i tin m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111i sai trong pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y kinh doanh cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 ra m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac mu\u1ed9n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 th\u00eam, g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mu\u1ed9n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c pha s\u1edbm b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng pha \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, cho n\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i? Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Chandra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cKh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ai ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi nh\u01b0 Ai C\u1eadp, Ma r\u1ed1c, Tunisia, Ghana th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ai ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a\u00a0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Khi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng “\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2009\u201d nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ra r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn sang ch\u00e2u Phi cho kinh doanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111ang h\u1ecfi \u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ai? L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd t\u1edbi?\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Competing with India<\/p>\n

Today Indian\u2019s outsourcing sector is the world largest and fastest growing area and accounts for about 15% of India\u2019s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, its fast success is beginning to show some signs of problems.\u00a0 First, inflation and currency appreciation have impacted the Indian market, with the Rupee reaching a ten year high against the dollar.\u00a0Second, high demand for skilled workers meant that there was a significant increase in developers\u2019 salaries. Therefore the cost of doing business in India is rising fast, making other lower cost areas such as China, Malaysia and Vietnam more desirable to customers.<\/p>\n

My friend Chandra told me: \u201cIt is not just financial reasons that customers are moving to other countries, India\u2019s software workers are no longer want to work for outsourcing companies, they are looking to work directly at companies like Google, Microsoft, Oracle etc. They know about the critical shortage of skilled people in developed countries and the ease of working visas for skilled workers so they want to have better opportunities there.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today, it is not just China is trying to compete with India but there are so many countries who want to capture this lucrative outsourcing business. The strongest contender could be the Philippines where its people speak English very well and very much familiar with Western culture. However, the surprise newcomer is Egypt that has been moving fast in the outsourcing business and was voted \u2018The Outsourcing Destination of the Year\u2019 award at last years National Outsourcing Association\u2019s industry awards.\u00a0 Egypt has a large skill base, good language capabilities, strong government support, and very low costs.\u00a0Together with several African countries, they are heavily investing in software education in past several years and have very effective promotion campaigns that start to gain momentum in this highly profitable market.\u00a0Today, most outsourcing deals in Africa come from the Middle East but many European companies are beginning to look at Africa for \u201cNear-shore\u201d advantages. With a lot of skilled developers, lower costs, good command of English languages, and strong government supports, they could change the balance of outsourcing business in the next few years.<\/p>\n

Chandra told me: \u201cIndia will have to shift its business strategy, as customers beginning to look for countries with lower costs and better skills.\u00a0This rise in global competition will push all involved in the industry to improve their services as well as create additional values to not only win new business, but retain existing ones.\u00a0We are so successful in the past ten years, we forget how to compete and allow others to have a chance. As many African nations are improving their educations, we are still debating on how to change our archaic education system. As China puts on impressive infrastructure for future business, we are still arguing about which state should build the next \u201cCyber city\u201d. Success breeds complacency and today beside the shortage of skilled people, we are also experiencing high number of software project failures. By failure, I mean the project does NOT meet costs, schedule and functional expectation\u201d.<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cWe all know that software projects always have risks and project failures is common in many countries. What surprise me is why now and not few years ago?\u201d<\/p>\n

Chandra explained: \u201cWe know how to manage projects but as we grow so fast, we can NOT develop ENOUGH project managers. In the past ten years, so many people are entering into the software field much faster than we can train them. We are doing fine at training developers to use current technologies, we are doing fine at training them in programming languages but we are doing poorly at training project managers. There are many ways to manage projects but all require several years of experiences. As developers change jobs often, they do NOT develop enough \u201cdeep experience\u201d to manage projects. We are dealing with an industry that has much higher demand than supply. Our shortage estimates range from 400,000 to 600,000 developers right now. We are creating new software jobs at a rate of about 800,000 a year in this country and we are granting about 450,000 computer and software engineer degrees a year. However only a small portion of them are qualified to work in the industry because the archaic education systems. Most graduates coming into the industry are not getting good training so they need several months in additional training and slowdown our growth. Developers also change jobs often so everybody is rushing to make money rather than acquiring knowledge. The fast growth allows many to get promoted to project managers with minimum qualification and experiences. Basically, our industry is like a pyramid with few people who have experienced on the top and the rest of people is at the bottom. That whole situation is compounded by the fact that we are still growing as demands are still flowing in. Even we do have good project management practices but the knowledge is not very widespread. So as the industry is getting bigger and it appears maybe the problem is getting worse.<\/p>\n

I asked him: \u201cWhere are things most likely to go wrong? What are the solution?\u201d<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cThere is a difference between where things go wrong and where the symptoms appear. I believe things go wrong during requirements and design phases. The reason is managers are hurrying to get the business so they do not do a good job early. What makes this difficult for developers to see is that the symptoms of poorly done work do not show up until late in the project. Many projects require additional code, debug and tests time so managers put more programmers into late projects. They do not understand that the issue is not coding problem but design problem. Changing databases at the end of the project because performance is too slow is a requirements and architecture problems. Most problems are happening in early phases because managers are hurrying to get to code without understand that quality starts with quality works at early phases. Today our education system is still focusing on programming rather than designing. University professors always argue that we are so successful and we are number one, so why change? For years, we are debating about improving our education but there is no real action yet. As long as students are still pouring into state universities, as long as the number of graduates in computer and engineering is still meeting government\u2019s goals then nothing will change\u201d.<\/p>\n

Chandra concluded: \u201cUnfortunately, the world is changing fast as other countries understand that education is the best investment, the best way to grow the economies and the fastest way to create jobs and they all take actions. Few years ago, nobody would think African countries could compete with India in outsourcing business. Most Indian would think China could compete with India but Chinese do not speak English well and it would take many years for them to improve their language skills. Who would think that African countries like Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana could even compete in the software business? Who would think that within few years of focusing on improving their software education, they could be strong contenders for our software business. When the announcement that Egypt is voted as \u201cOutsourcing destination of 2009\u201d many were shocked then they found out that several of their customers are changing their minds and begin to look at Africa for future business. Many executives were asking \u201cWho are these new competitors? How could I did not see them coming?\u201d I guess globalization is changing everything.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay khu v\u1ef1c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2755"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2757,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755\/revisions\/2757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}