{"id":2740,"date":"2013-07-06T22:54:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T15:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2740"},"modified":"2013-07-06T22:54:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T15:54:36","slug":"cong-thuc-cho-thinh-vuong-kinh-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2740","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng t\u00fa t\u00e0i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 78 % c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 Italy h\u01a1n 40% sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean hai ph\u1ea7n ba sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 18 t\u1edbi 25 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1edbm, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, hay nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 M\u0129, Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111i. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2012 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 15 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) do nhu c\u1ea7u cao trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u do thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng may, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u1eeba qua khi t\u00f4i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Italy hay Hi L\u1ea1p ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn hay h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.\u201d Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chung cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c chung ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i du h\u00e0nh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9? Khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1edf ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn ra ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111i. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u201cSTEM\u201d v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i. M\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Formula for economic prosperity<\/p>\n

According to a global report, college students today are three times more likely to be unemployed than previous generation. Students with only a high school diploma will have 78 % chance of being unemployed. The reasons given are globalization and technological changes have impacted almost every country as workers are no longer be confined in a local market but have to compete with others from all over the world. The same is true for small and medium sized local businesses as they have to compete with larger and well managed global companies with huge assets and aggressive strategies.<\/p>\n

All over Europe, especially Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy more than 40% of college students are unemployed. The situation is worst in the Middle East and Northern Africa where over two third of college students between the age of 18 to 25 are unemployed. The report warned that if these young people cannot find jobs soon, their society will have to be prepared for more demonstrations, more crimes, or much more violence.<\/p>\n

At the same time, there is a shortage of skilled workers in every country. Countries such as the U.S. UK and Germany are having difficulty to find skilled workers for their growing economies and the problem is getting worst. The 2012 industry forecast report indicated that by 2020 there will be a shortage of 15 million entry level job in Information Technology (IT) due to the high demand in this industry when many older workers retire. The report warned that these countries will not be able to maintain their economic growths if they cannot find enough workers to fill the gap.<\/p>\n

For years, economists have warned about the imbalance in global workforce due to the lack of technology education but no one pay attention until now. The fact is many country leaders do not understand globalization and the impact of technology to have proper strategies to deal with it. For example with globalization, factory works can be outsourced to lower cost countries very quickly. Few years ago, factories in Spain, Portugal and Greece were moved to lower cost Eastern European and Asian countries but government failed to respond accordingly to educate their people with technology skills to replace job lost and meeting global demands, which led to high unemployment and economic collapsed.<\/p>\n

With globalization, businesses and jobs will go to any place that has large numbers of skilled workers. By understand this factor, education systems must focus on this needs so that students will have the skills they need to compete for work. That also means governments must provide a clear direction for the education systems to change and catch this opportunity. Unfortunately, most governments are too busy to provide any clarity on which is important and which is not and most education systems are reluctant to move outside of their comfortable zone.<\/p>\n

Last summer when I was in Europe I found that, on the average, each university graduated about a hundred software engineers a year and countries like Spain, Italy or Greece would only produced few thousands software engineers when the demand was in fifty thousand or more. Many local companies have to hire Indian and Chinese software developers to come and work there. When asked, a professor explained: \u201cState universities received government funding and have to distribute to hundred fields of study, we cannot put a large amount into few areas such as software, technology, or engineering. We do not have enough qualified professors in those areas. Even if we do, what will happen to professors who teach arts, music, social studies, literature, or history? That would be unfair to them.\u201d Another professor said: \u201cWe teach general skills for students so they can use them throughout their lives. We do not teach specific skill to meet the needs of the market. We are educator, NOT vocational teachers. Universities are designed to focus on theories and general knowledge NOT specific skills for anyone.\u201d<\/p>\n

As I travelled in Asia, I saw similar things with high unemployment among college graduates and universities were still teaching the same thing that they did many years ago. Why are they not seeing that globalization and technology have changed everything? When I talked to students, most were not very well informed about what happened in the global market and the needs. Many students told me that they chose what to study based on their own interests as they did not have good understanding of which fields of study lead to careers with job openings and good wages. A student said: \u201cWe only know what happen in our country, not with others. We only look at what local market needs, not what global market wants. We do not know that we can work in other countries if we have the needed skills. No one tell us to look outside for jobs or careers. We have limited knowledge of what has changed in the globalized world. As Asian, our parents and teachers have a lot of influence over our decisions but they also do not know much about the changing market.\u201d<\/p>\n

I think it is about time that students must receive training about globalization and have access to programs that are relevant to global market needs. Without major changes in education system, the situation will only get worse. The vast majority of jobs now require more technical skills, problem solving, and communication skills. But most students do not know what businesses expect and universities do not teach them these skills. Students need to know that most jobs created over the next decade will require at least a bachelor\u2019s degree in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). These jobs pay much more than any job that they see today. Instead of selecting what to study randomly, universities should encourage students to study in \u201cSTEM\u201d fields and focus on having the skills that global market demands.<\/p>\n

To be competitive in a global economy, a country must ensure that their students meet certain academic standards that allow them to excel. Every school should adopt certain quality standards so in the future every student can graduate with the knowledge and skills they need for success in this changing world. Of course, this will require significant change and investment but there is no investment better than to invest in education; by investing in the next generation it invests in the future of the country because the best defense of a country is how well educated and how well informed their citizens are. By emphasizing practical skilled learning, where trainings are closely aligned with the demands of the global market, it will help raise skill levels of all new graduates and it is a key factor in the formula for economic prosperity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sinh vi\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2740"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2742,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2740\/revisions\/2742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}