{"id":2710,"date":"2013-07-06T20:42:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T13:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2710"},"modified":"2013-07-06T20:42:58","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T13:42:58","slug":"lam-viec-to-trong-du-an-lon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2710","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. Kh\u00f4ng may nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn tr\u00ean hai tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. T\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb g\u00e2y chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0, t\u00f4i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf, v\u1edbi t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh cho nhau. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00ean h\u1ecd v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u00edch ri\u00eang, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00ed do m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i \u1edf nhau. T\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n trong t\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xoay quanh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt g\u00ec, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u00ec, hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u00ec. Sau khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong t\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhau \u00edt l\u00e0m sao. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 l\u1eabn nhau v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft do d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i v\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi v\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t\u00a0 khi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: D\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn phi\u00ean n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, t\u1ea1o ra wiki \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung, v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay v\u00ec tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ba nh\u00f3m kia. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teamwork in large project<\/p>\n

Today many software projects are large and teamwork is becoming more important to keep people working together. Unfortunately many managers are not trained in teamwork so when projects encounter problem, they do not know how to solve it. The first thing a manager could do is to facilitate a meeting where people can talk to each others.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, I was asked to take over a large project of over two hundreds developers because the project manager had quit the job. The project was divided into four major functional groups where they must interact with each others to get the work done. After several days, I found that their relationships with each other were not good. Each group saw the other as trouble-makers and hindrances to their progress. To help them build harmonious relationships, I called a meeting where I had them divide into small teams, with each team comprising people from all four groups.<\/p>\n

As they formed teams, I asked them to introducing themselves to each other. Beside their names and technical roles, I also asked them to say something about themselves such as hobbies, interests or anything that they wanted to share. To my surprise, some members of the four groups had never even met and that was probably the reason that they find fault with each other. I asked them to talk with their team-mates about all issues that revolved around the project to determine whether they are technical issues, customer issues, or personal issues. After they discussed each issue in their small team, I gathered them together as a group so they could report their findings and recommendations.<\/p>\n

Once they started talking, they realized how little they had understood about each others\u2019 responsibilities and activities. They discovered that some problems they had blamed each other for had valid explanations, such as ambiguous requirements, unclear expectations, and priorities each group had that the others were unaware of based on the inputs that they received from customers. Some of their problems could be readily resolved with few simple changes. Even some larger problems had solutions that may take longer but were far from impossible. Overall, it was possible to solve these problems once they know what to do as well as who were responsible to solve them. Their discussions of their needs led them to a clear conclusion: In terms of their responsibilities, they had a lot in common, and could accomplish more by collaborating than by arguing and blaming each others.<\/p>\n

To conclude the session, I asked them to discuss what they\u2019d like to do next to improve their relationships. The first thing they came up with was that they wanted to continue their conversations through regular meetings. Other suggestions included spending time in each other\u2019s areas as observers, creating a wiki for capturing shared concerns, and committing to discuss issues rather than blaming each others.<\/p>\n

The meeting only lasted one day but most developers left with a more positive perception and deeper understanding of the other three functional groups. Of course, the meeting were just a starting point in solving team\u2019s problems and improve their relationship. However, they had accomplished a lot simply by taking the time to talk and understand each others.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2710"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2711,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2710\/revisions\/2711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}