{"id":2702,"date":"2013-07-06T20:38:22","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T13:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2702"},"modified":"2013-07-06T20:38:22","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T13:38:22","slug":"ki-nang-con-nguoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2702","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng:\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao trong mi\u1ec1n h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qua 40 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai. Ngay khi sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian gian \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: thu l\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ai s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f4 \u0111un n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed giao di\u1ec7n v.v. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1t th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Chung cu\u1ed9c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m h\u01a1n. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ra \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra\u2026. v.v. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Bao nhi\u00eau vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi”? Bao nhi\u00eau ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 “k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” hay “k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m”? N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ch\u00fang. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang. B\u1edfi v\u00ec r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee3 r\u1ed3i tr\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, h\u00e0nh vi b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u201ck\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung: L\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

People skills<\/p>\n

Most successful software projects have two important factors:\u00a0 A good software project manager and a highly skilled team in the domain in which they are working. Basically, they are all about people and their skills. Throughout my 40 years in software industry, I never encountered a software project that failed because of technical issues but I have seen many failures due to the \u201cpeople issues\u201d and this is one area that the academic people did not know well. Most schools only focus on technical issues but never prepare students to deal with the \u201cPeople issues\u201d.<\/p>\n

The idea that technical people only work with computers is completely wrong. Many students think as long as they can code, they can do good jobs, that is wrong too. As soon as students enter the industry, they will find that they will spend half of the time talking with other people: obtain requirements from users, discuss the designs, review how to integrate, debate on who would implement which function, analyze which module would do what thing, and who would manage the interfaces etc. They will learn that people have feelings and how they interact with them will determine how they can make the project successful or not. Everybody want to be treated with respect, with courtesy and if they understand that how they want to be treated then they should treat others exactly the same. Eventually, they will learn that when people work so hard without rest, they will create defects. When people are too stressful, they will not think clearly and will make more mistakes. When people feel uncomfortable they will easily get angry and if they quit before project ends, the project will not meet the schedule.<\/p>\n

Highly skilled people can overcome technical issues and make projects success but they can NOT overcome bad management. Bad management destroys everything. If managers underestimate the schedule, people will NOT have enough time to do good works and quality will suffer. If managers do NOT know how to manage people, the project team will have conflicts with each other and project will fail. If managers do not treat people fairly, the team will NOT work together well and arguments among team members will happen\u2026.etc. My question is how many project managers are trained in people management? How many project training have focused on \u201cPeople issues\u201d? How many university\u2019s programs have courses in \u201cPeople skills\u201d or \u201csoft skills\u201d? If the school do not teach you then you must find another way to learn more about this skills.<\/p>\n

Good project managers recognize the talent of their team and understand that the success of the project is depending on their people\u2019s efforts. They know about project risks and how to mitigate them. Every software project has risks but bad managers do NOT know them or know how to prevent them. Because risks can occur anywhere and anytime, bad managers often panic then blame their people rather than understand the state of their projects. When people get treated unfairly, they get angry, stressed and productivity will decrease.<\/p>\n

Successful companies understand the people issue so they are very careful in their hiring and only select people who can succeed in their work environment. During job interviews, they will focus more on teamwork questions and people skills than technical questions. They understand that most graduated students have a good technical education foundation so they do not ask about technical question. They know that, if needed people can be retrained in technical. But they would be careful with the personality, the attitude, the behavior because these characteristics are difficult to change. Most successful companies do invest in trainings, not just technical but also teamwork and \u201cpeople skills\u201d. People in these companies understand that their job is not just to deliver products but also to continually build capacity and work together to achieve a common goal: Make the company more successful.<\/p>\n

Every company need people who understand their jobs and know how to apply their skills to build the software product. Every company need knowledgeable managers, people who understand how to manage both projects and people, and who know enough about the business to make good decisions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng:\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2703,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2702\/revisions\/2703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}