{"id":2672,"date":"2013-07-06T18:10:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T11:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2672"},"modified":"2013-07-06T18:10:58","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T11:10:58","slug":"trung-quoc-va-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2672","title":{"rendered":"Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p Robert tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i t\u1edbi San Francisco. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Robert b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n anh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi. Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong 20 n\u0103m qua n\u1ebfu anh ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh. Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bao nhi\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 kinh doanh \u0111ang b\u1eebng n\u1edf. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf khi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n sang d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 do l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay khi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1edbi l\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cKh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00e0o l\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a. V\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang trong s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho l\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?\u201d Anh \u1ea5y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qui tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf, nhanh th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i KH\u00d4NG b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5\u00a0 sung th\u00eam ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u00e0o x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00e2y xa l\u1ed9, x\u00e2y c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y trong \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9: Nhi\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1edb, nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t thi c\u1eed, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u00e0ng n\u0103m qu\u00e3ng n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Trung Qu\u1ed1c.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec sao, anh so s\u00e1nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9?”<\/p>\n

Robert g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh. Ng\u00e0y nay khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang b\u1eebng n\u1edf v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec7n, v.v., v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u1ee5t xa sau Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n.\u00a0C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y,\u00a0cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cDoanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec sao? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0103n t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Robert gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “V\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh M\u0129 hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Anh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ti. H\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i tin h\u1ecd \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng nam \u00c1 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cAnh ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn?\u201d Robert n\u00f3i: \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi “x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p”. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c, trong c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng phong l\u01b0u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9. L\u00e0m sao n\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1eeb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a anh, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Anh s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i \u00fd lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

Robert c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cN\u1ebfu \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i xa. N\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i xa. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y. X\u00e2y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, xa l\u1ed9, s\u00e2n bay l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i tin v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111i xa b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 hay th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y cho n\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh then ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1edf tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

China and India<\/p>\n

I met Robert on an airplane from Shanghai to San Francisco. He is a senior vice president of a large company that has manufacturing facilities in both China and India so we talked about these two countries based on his knowledge of many years working there.<\/p>\n

Robert told me that he goes to China about five times each year for the past ten years but each time he saw something new. He said: \u201cChina has undergone tremendous growth over the last 20 years if you just look at all the new buildings in Shanghai and Beijing. When I first came to China there were only few tall buildings but today there are hundreds of them. That is one way to look at how much development has taken place. Another way is more people can speak English now than few years ago, especially the young people all seems to speak English well. Today, almost all global companies are doing business here and the business is booming. Another way of looking is the size of Chinese companies. Few years ago, most companies were small as compared with companies in the U.S and Europe but today, they have grown to the same size or maybe bigger. However, the management system there is still needing a lot of improvement regarding how to move from the short term to the long term to continue growing. In the past, their successes were due to their low wages which helped their manufacturing to excel but today as the wages rise, they must focus more on quality, higher profit margin, and apply more information technology to prepare them to compete globally\u201d.<\/p>\n

I asked; \u201cI thought Chinese companies are doing well in competition with other global companies\u201d. He laughed and explained: \u201cNot as well as people may think. They based everything on lower prices, lower quality but also at lower profit margin. If they sell more, it will be fine but the market is changing fast and they do not know how to change their thinking. Today more customers are demanding higher quality but they do not have quality products, at least not yet. As the global market is in a downturn, they cannot sell more products so it hurts their profit margins. They have to close many manufactures and many people became unemployed, probably many millions currently do not have jobs. If this continue, there will be major problems so to solve it, they has to turn to domestic consumption. That means selling products for their own people but it means they have to sell at much lower prices which hurt their profits. The lower price model is good to capture the market but with the current situation, it does not work anymore. Because their management system is very rigid, they cannot change fast enough so they stuck.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cHow do they solve this problem?\u201d. He paused for a moment and said: \u201cThey will have to adopted a new strategy to focus on higher profit margins. That means they have to do like other large companies are doing in the U.S and Europe. They cannot continue on the low prices, low quality and low profits. They have to use information technology to accelerate their decision making process, improve their products, collect data and analyze them quickly to react to the changing market. With globalization, things happen very quick and without the application of information technology, they will not be successful. The major problem in China is their infrastructure has developed so much, so fast but other things have NOT caught up in the same way. For example, their education system, including school education and education for skilled workers \u00a0in specialized areas. To advance, they must improve the education system by adding higher quality education programs. That is a very big challenge for their government. In the past, their focus was on building factories, building highways, building industrial parks but not much in \u201cbuilding people\u201d. I think the next ten years will be a problem if they do not have the skilled people to manage everything that they have built. Good things have happened but they do not last if you do not pay attention to them. What they have achieved in the past twenty years is very impressive but there is a major weakness and this cannot be solved quickly. Their people are still being educated in the same way that they have been doing for many centuries: A lot of memorization, cramming for exams, and many theories but no practice. That is why each year about half million students go to study in oversea schools, very few return as there are better opportunities elsewhere than in China.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201c What\u2019s about India, how do you compare China to India?<\/p>\n

Robert nodded his head: \u201cIndia is very different from China. It has not developed the infrastructure like China but it has the English language advantage. Today the software service sector in India is booming and it boost the economy and create many good jobs. I can say that in the past twenty years, most manufacturing jobs are going to China and most software jobs are going to India. However, software jobs pay much higher and that has been very good for India. All the higher paying jobs are created more local jobs and India\u2019s economy has improved significantly. The problem in India is that they need to develop the infrastructure if they want to go further. They need to build more buildings, roads, transportation systems, water, electricity, etc., basically they are far behind China in the infrastructures.\u00a0There is another\u00a0difference\u00a0between China and India, in China everything is for export but\u00a0in India, the domestic market accounts for a lot of\u00a0things, so there is more domestic-consumption\u00a0here. Because of this self-sufficient,\u00a0the financial crisis has\u00a0much\u00a0less impact on India\u00a0than China.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cWhat\u2019s about Indian business? Are they doing well?\u201d. Robert explained: \u201c Overall, most Indian companies are integrating closely with the American model or the British model in terms of managing companies. They are adopting a lot of management practices which make it easier to do business there. I think the quality of Indian managers is good, but there is significant shortage of middle level managers in their companies. The success of their software service areas has consumed all their talents so there is not much skilled people to help them to grow in others. Today, India is facing the problem of shortage of skilled managers so they have to expand their business to other countries to find new talents. I believe they are enlarging their influences to nearby southeast Asia countries.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cWhat else do you think they need to improve?\u201d. Robert said: \u201cIndia is a large population country with a \u201ccaste society\u201d. It has multi-level classes, in the top class many are living well but there are lower classes who are very poor and do not have anything to live on. This will prevent India from advancing further because about half of the population in India is very poor. Mostly uneducated and they continue their lives as their ancestors have been living for centuries. How to lift these people out of poverty, it will be very difficult because their culture and their belief so unless something change, I am not sure that India will be a fully developed country.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cFrom your opinion, both India and China models have problems. What kind of improvement would you suggest?\u201d<\/p>\n

Robert laughed: \u201cIf India has China\u2019s infrastructure then it will go far. If China has the management system like India it will also go far. Basically what both countries need is a good education system. Of course both government know about it and they have spent a lot of money to improve it already but not so successful. Building physical things like factories, highways, airports is easy but building talent requires a different mindset. I believe with globalization, any country that has good education system will go far because the key success factor today is no longer labor power but brain power as we are already in the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century or the knowledge age. Most things that can be done by hands are already been done by machinery so the key competition among countries will be in the knowledge and skills of their citizen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p Robert tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i t\u1edbi San Francisco. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2673,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2672\/revisions\/2673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}