{"id":2661,"date":"2013-07-06T17:33:26","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T10:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2661"},"modified":"2013-07-06T17:33:26","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T10:33:26","slug":"phat-trien-tro-choi-may-tinh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2661","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Roger l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cHalo\u201d. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh \u1ea5y quay v\u1ec1 CMU \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n sinh vi\u00ean cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i m\u1eddi anh \u1ea5y t\u1edbi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n cho l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd ph\u1ee5, 60 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay h\u01a1n, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 40 gi\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG \u0111i xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, trong c\u00f4ng ti t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 “c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5” \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra “ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh cao trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n hay nh\u1ea5t, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c hay nh\u1ea5t cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, ch\u01a1i ch\u00fang trong nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 “ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n” ch\u00fang. Sau khi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u0169 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m khi to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u00e0nh “vui v\u00e0 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng” v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd th\u1ebf “gi\u1ebft” tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o theo ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111i trong pha n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n phim Hollywood, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ra ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng logic n\u00e0y KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 logic \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi t\u1edbi trong c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 “tim y\u1ebfu” s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y mai. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n

Roger m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u m\u1eadt ch\u00fa: \u201cNgh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; t\u1ea1o ra ra \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 nghi v\u1ea5n m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi canh t\u00e2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n” n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui t\u1eafc, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u to\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady.\u201d\u00a0 M\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i \u0111i ch\u01a1i l\u1ea1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u201cKH\u00d4NG VUI\u201d \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ‘h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1’ v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sau m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, sau ba gi\u1edd, sau hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd, sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng ch\u01a1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea1i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n hay th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean r\u1eddi b\u1ecf hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd “\u1ed0M” sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng ch\u01a1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1edbi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh PC chu\u1ea9n, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1i, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh so v\u1edbi c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i lo ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau (NTSC v\u00e0 PAL), c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo khung. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 EURGB60, M-PAL, 480p (qu\u00e9t d\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 \u0111a m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a HDTV. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i PAL l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi NTSC v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m tra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 2D n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, HUD v\u00e0 phim l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a PAL ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb video l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f4i qua, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Roger c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cPh\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i\u00a0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng N\u00f4 en, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1eadm, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 h\u1ea1n k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t kinh doanh. C\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i PC b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo k\u00edch c\u1ee1 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ea7u, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v.v.. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u1eefa v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 c\u0169ng \u0111i v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129.\u00a0Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t.”<\/p>\n

Roger k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 “ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt” c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1ebd tranh hay nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c. N\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hay nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i h\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u00e1t. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i ch\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Nh\u00e2n\u00a0 ti\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o gi\u1ea7u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m n\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch n\u00f3, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Computer Games Development<\/p>\n

Roger is one of my students who graduated and worked for a computer games company. He is one of the key developers for a game called \u201cHalo\u201d. Last week he returned to CMU to recruit students for his company. I asked him to give a talk in my class regarding his experience in computer games industry. Following is what he told the class:<\/p>\n

\u201cComputer games is a special field that many people like to work in but few succeed. First, you must like computer games but more than that, you must have passion for it. Second, you must be willing to work hard and put in a lot of extra hours, 60 hours per week or more, rather than the regular 40 hours. You must devote yourself to your work or else you will NOT go far. Contradict to the notion that game developers are mostly programmers, in my company many developers are artists, graphic designers, and writers who use programming languages as \u201ctools\u201d to create their \u201carts\u201d. Another characteristic of game developers is the highly competitive attitudes among them. They want the best graphics, the best colors, the best stories, the best scenarios, the best music for their games and will NOT compromise. That is why they all work long hours to make their games the best possible by testing them, rework them, play them for many hours to \u201cperfect\u201d them. After the game is released, they move on to the next game and most never touch their old games again\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cGame design is the first thing to do as the team works together to create the story, the scenarios, determine on what makes a game \u201cfun and exciting\u201d and how can they \u201cKill\u201d other existing games in the market. The story and ideas are presented to senior designers who analyze every detail to ensure that the team has everything carefully thought-out. This is a very brutal activity as many ideas are rejected and many people could NOT stand it and quit during this phase. This is also where creativity and production people often fight over their ideas. Although many game projects are similar to a Hollywood film projects, it is still a software development, with changing requirements, changing design at the last minutes and a lot of coding and testing. Logically, anything that can be completed early should be done early. Developers should get easy things out of the way, and work on the difficult things but this logic does NOT work in game development. There is NO logic here because the scenarios will keep changing as more details are discovered and new ideas come into the story so you may have to reprogram a lot of works. Anyone who has a \u201cWeak heart\u201d will NOT survive game development because it is really a mix of creativity, artistry, discovery, and technology. Anything is subjected to change as the creativity flows among team members so the activities are exciting one day and frustrating the next day. Let me give you an example, imagine that you are writing a novel together with hundred other writers, everyone has some ideas and they all want their ideas to be part of the novel\u201d.<\/p>\n

Roger smiled and told the class: \u201cThe good thing about games development is that everybody has an idea. The bad thing about games development is that everybody also has an idea. The interesting fact is you can create it and let others play with it to test your idea before it is accepted into the scenarios. There is a \u201cMantra: \u201cThink the unthinkable; Dream of the impossible; Create the thing that nobody ever done before and question every assumptions\u201d – that is where you come up with innovation because you are creating a \u201cmagical world\u201d where there are no rules, and everything is all about what you imagine it to be\u201d.\u00a0 The entry level for most game developers is game tester. This job requires you to play the game over and over and report your impressions of the game to the production manager. It is \u201cNO FUN\u201d but \u2018torturing\u2019 as you must report your impressions after one hour, after three hours, after eight hours, after twenty four hours, after months of playing the same game at different levels with different tools. At each step, you must imagine that you are the player with certain expectations, certain satisfaction or frustration with the pictures, the colors, the sound and the level as you move from easy to more difficulty levels, and determine whether you should quit or continue. Even if you love computer games, you will get \u201cSICK\u201d after months of playing the same game and write your impressions on the game document. Most people quit after few months in testing and that is why you must have a passion for game to survive in this industry\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are many things game developers must pay attention, For example, computer screen size and memory, they have to decide on the standard PC monitor resolutions, refresh rates, color depths, and full-screen vs. windowed modes and test the game with those settings. With console games, they have more than one setting to worry about. If the game is sold worldwide, they need to deal with different standards (NTSC and PAL), which have different screen resolutions, different aspect ratios and memory requirements, and different refresh rates, which may affect any game behavior dependent on per-frame computation. There are other modes like EURGB60, M-PAL, 480p (progressive scan) and multiple levels of HDTV. Because PAL resolution is different from NTSC and the aspect ratio is also different, game developers must verify that 2D elements in particular, such as the front end, the text, HUD and movies is balanced. The higher vertical resolution of PAL mean greater video memory usage. If you do not take in account certain real time elapsed, the game will behave differently\u201d.<\/p>\n

Roger laughed: \u201cMost application software developers never have to think about that. They do not care about hardware or problem with standards but only writing code and make sure that the code works. Game developers have to know everything so it takes several years to move from game tester to game programmer. Only if you are very good as game programmer then you could move up to game developers and eventually to game designer. Another critical factor in game industry is the schedule is always fixed and cannot be changed. For example, you must release the game for Christmas sale then everything must complete by June for testing and production. Game development is labor intensive so it is very costly. If you are late, you miss the holiday dateline and lose the business. There is another advantage, you are always working with the best hardware, the latest game console before anybody else. Of course for PC games you have a variety of different hardware, operating systems, and various configurations for testing your game. This is also true for mobile phone games as phone models vary in screen size and color resolution, refresh rate, memory, etc. To be a better game developer, you must know hardware well enough to deal with these issues. Beside graphic, you must know about music too as\u00a0what goes for graphics, also goes for sound. You must create very special kind of computer game music which is different from regular types of music. As I mentioned, game developers are artists, writers, programmers, and also musicians.\u00a0Preparing the game for the target audience is an elaborate process with a lot of trial and errors.<\/p>\n

Roger concluded: \u201cGame development is a highly specialize field which requires specific skills but most of all it is about your attitude and creativity. It is really an \u201cart\u201d just like an artist painting a picture or a musician writes music. It is NOT for everyone but the reward is everything. Just like a writer who has million readers who buy his book or a musician who has a top hit songs that million people would sing. Imagine that you have a game that sold several million copies and everywhere you go, you see your game being played by people of all ages. It make you proud and feel good. By the way, game developers do NOT make a lot of money, they work for a company and collect wages just like software developers. The company owner makes all the money if the game do well in the market. No game developers ever get rich unless they became owner of a company. As game developer, you do it because you love it, just like most artists who create things, they do NOT think about money but make something wonderful, make life beautiful, make people happy. The same is true to game developers, actually they are the \u201cComputer artists\u201d of our time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Roger l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2662,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions\/2662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}