{"id":2647,"date":"2013-07-06T17:24:54","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T10:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2647"},"modified":"2013-07-06T17:24:54","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T10:24:54","slug":"doi-thoai-o-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2647","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u1edf Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u0129 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Brazil. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Brazil l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam M\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay, Brazil l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf Nam M\u0129, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 BRIC (Brazil, Nga, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c).<\/span><\/p>\n

Brazil c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c do n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khai m\u1ecf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y bay, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, ethanol, th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u1edbc cam v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay, Brazil \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lan to\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Brazil \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cao nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y bay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1ec7 tinh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb radar v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ethanol trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Brazil l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf d\u00f9ng ethanol ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb m\u00eda. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t, Brazil c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.\u00a0Xem nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Brazil s\u1ebd \u0111\u0103ng cai c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a FIFA n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2016, (N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng cai hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp nhau.)<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (IT). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Da Silva, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t CEO c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cH\u00f4m nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga v\u00e0 Brazil c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Brazil, trong 10 n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cBrazil IT\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 17 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, D\u1ea7u & Ga, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, an ninh th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, CNTT v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u CNTT to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 6 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 t\u1edbi 10 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m nay. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn cho h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng\u00a0Brazil c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t cho ngay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y bay l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n duy nh\u1ea5t tham gia v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng gian qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 Brazil l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cVi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ts. Silva c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1edbi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1nh trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n r\u1ea5t cao cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y bay, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Boeing, GM, Airbus v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Boeing v\u00e0 Airbus khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y bay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn. \u00d4 t\u00f4 lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ethanol l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3. V\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c?”<\/p>\n

Ts. Silva gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cBrazil \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i do n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00fai th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh th\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m m\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 CMMI v\u00e0 ISO 9001 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kinh doanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n kinh doanh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed s\u00e9c. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng s\u00e9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Kh\u00e1ch th\u0103m t\u1edbi Brazil ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng s\u00e9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n taxi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u1eed l\u00ed tr\u00ean 350 tri\u1ec7u s\u00e9c h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e2n trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 M\u0129. Ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 21 th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, canh t\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i bi\u1ec7n minh: \u201cL\u00ed do then ch\u1ed1t cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao \u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d<\/p>\n

Ts.\u00a0Silva c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9, kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lan kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p sao? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i? Ai ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang? M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i? \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ebb n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hay ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f4 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc “lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb” n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi “kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng”. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng r\u1ebb KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. M\u00fai th\u1eddi gian thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho \u01b0u th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng B\u1eafc M\u0129. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf hai m\u00fai th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1edd \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129, gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng M\u0129 t\u1eeb Brazil h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, V\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ts. Silva m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1” cho n\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. Khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1edd, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1edfi v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0y nay, Brazil c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u0129, s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00fai th\u1eddi gian \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi B\u1eafc M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, ti\u00eau hao nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ea5p, tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

Ts. Silva gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cBrazil v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean CNTT t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, cho d\u00f9 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng Anh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i tin s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Brazil n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u khu nh\u00e0 \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cfavelas\u201d n\u01a1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng cao ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea nh\u01b0ng thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf th\u00f4n qu\u00ea th\u00eam n\u1eefa cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ma tu\u00fd, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, m\u00e3i d\u00e2m v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay, an ninh \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma tu\u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Rio de Janeiro v\u00e0 Sao Paulo. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A conversation in Brazil<\/p>\n

Last week, I attended a Software Engineering Conference in Brazil. This is the first time I visit this country, so I would like to share with you some of my impressions. Brazil is\u00a0the largest country in South America and the only Portuguese-speaking country on that continent. It is the fifth largest country by size and the fifth most populous country in the world.\u00a0 Today, Brazil is a regional power in South America, a leader among developing countries, and an emerging world power as one of the four emerging economies called BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China).<\/p>\n

Brazil has the highest foreign investment in the world, its economy is growing at an amazing rate due to its large, well developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing and very strong exports economy. Export products include aircraft, coffee, automobiles, electrical equipments, ethanol, steel, soybean, iron ore, orange juice, and textiles etc. Today,Brazil is trying to shed its image as an exporter of agriculture products such as coffee, sugar and soybean and wants to emphasize its industrial power with expertise in advanced technology. Few people know that Brazil has been making highly advanced products like commercial airplanes, electronic equipments, satellites parts, radar equipments and hybrid cars that run on ethanol for many years. Brazil is the only country in the world that do NOT depend on oil import and instead using ethanol which come from its sugarcane. Without depending on oil import, its economy is very stable and with its rich natural resources and well managed agriculture, Brazil can retain its self-sufficiency economy and continue to grow steadily.\u00a0As evidence of its confident in the future, Brazil will host both the FIFA Football World Cup in 2014 and the Summer Olympic Games in 2016, (First country\u00a0to host two largest world events next to each other).<\/p>\n

During the conference, I met many new friends and discussed with them about information technology (IT) industry. My new friend. Professor Da Silva, who also a CEO of a large software company told me: \u201cToday India is the great power in Information Technology, but other developing countries such as China, Russia and Brazil are also established very well in this area too. Brazil, for the past 10 years, has been actively improving its IT industry through a government sponsor program called \u201cBrazil IT\u201d. Currently, we have 17 large industry parks reflecting our diversified economy with several areas such as Finance, Telecommunications, Aviation, Agribusiness, Healthcare, Oil & Gas, Mobile Applications, Information Security, and IT outsourcing. Of course, IT\u00a0is still a small part of the economy but it is growing. Last year, our\u00a0total IT exports is about 6 billion dollars but we think we could make 8 to 10 billion dollars this year. Although India is doing well in the outsourcing business but so do we. However we are different because we are focusing on few areas such as large scale software development for aerospace, manufacturing, finance and banking systems. You probably do not know that\u00a0Brazil has one of the world\u2019s most modern banking network, with immediate settlement of transactions. We also have developed a universal, electronic ballot that shows the results of national elections within 24 hours and have the third largest aircraft industry in the world. We are the only developing country to take part in the International Space Station. Our software industry is in alignment with our aerospace, manufacturing and automobile industries so we are very highly specialized\u201d.<\/p>\n

Before this visit, I always thought of Brazil as a country that exports a lot of coffee and has a very good soccer team. So I asked: \u201cHow did the transition to high technology start? I always thought your country is still focusing on agriculture\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dr. Silva laughed: \u201cMany people still think that we mostly exports coffee but we have been working in\u00a0science and technology for a long time. We have a good education system similar to Europe. We adopted many European education programs, we had many European professors came to teach and many decided to stay here. We also have strong research laboratories in science and agricultures. Basically our current economic success is rooted from our excellent education system. We put a lot of efforts to make sure that our education is as good as the U.S or Europe. We set a very high standard for students who enter universities. We focused on science and agricultures as two key factors to drive our economy. Because of our education system, we was able to develop a strong aerospace and manufacturing industries where our engineers built airplanes, cars and heavy equipments to compete with other industry giants such as Boeing, GM, Airbus etc. Today we are number three aerospace industry in the world behind Boeing and Airbus when countries such as India, Japan have not even able to build large commercial airplanes yet. Our hybrid cars are unique as they run on ethanol which came from our own sugarcane manufacturing so we do not have to import oil. Because our economy is not impacted by the fluctuation of oil prices, it is very stable and that is why most foreign companies are investing here. Even with the financial crisis, our economy is still very stable and continues to grow\u201d.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cI am interested in the software industry? How well do you compete with India or China?<\/p>\n

Dr. Silva explained: \u201cBrazil has been considered a better country for US companies to outsource due to its strong education and the time zone. However, our software workers are more expensive than Indian and Chinese. We believe that we are an alternative to India and China, not a competitor. The outsourcing market is growing so rapidly, so we don’t need to steal customers away from India or China, as there are plenty of business for all of us. However, we are differentiated ourselves as highly skilled software engineers that can do things that the others could not do. We have many companies that have achievedquality standards such as CMMI and ISO 9001 but it only tells part of the story because you need to look at how business challenges have been met by our skilled people. Let me give you an example about our banking IT system on business payment and check processing system. Ten years ago, we needed to have a highly automated and efficient mechanism for making payments and transferring funds because we used check more than cash. Visitors to Brazil are astonished that checks can be used anywhere, including paying Taxi fare. Our Banking system is so efficient that we processed over 350 million checks per month with fund transfer within 24 hours. Today, our processing speed is unmatched even in the developed world, including the United States. Three years ago, we upgraded this national banking system where the original system was focused on increasing speed and efficiency, the new one aimed for further efficiency gains while simultaneously reducing risks. The development of the new Banking payments system only took 21 months, and met all functionality and quality requirements. No country in the world could build a large national IT systems like that within a short time. Even people from the U.S and Europe have to come and learn from us and they were so surprised at how good we are. Our software people are trained very early on quality, innovation, and meeting business goals because of the well established education rather than just code and test like in India and China. Of course, we requires higher wages but our quality results worth every dollar that you pay\u201d.<\/p>\n

I argued: \u201cThe key reason for outsourcing is reducing costs, if your cost is higher your competitors than how do you compete?\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dr.\u00a0Silva laughed: \u201cOn the contrary, our IT outsourcing business is doing very well.\u00a0The current economic crisis has spread around the world and everybody is doing cost-cutting but does low cost also mean low quality? What will happen when products are full of defects? Who has to pay to fix them? How long will it take to fix defective products? You can do it cheap but you also have to pay for fixing it too so it is no longer cheap. If you outsource few simple software projects then any programmers can accomplish them but would you let them work on your critical software products such as aerospace or manufacturing? Few years ago, companies were rushing to \u201cCheap labors\u201d countries where most workers did NOT had good trainings, many only had about six months programming and put to work. Of course, their wages were low but also their quality and these products had created a lot of problems with \u201cUnhappy users\u201d. To fix that, customers have to spend much more so they learned that cheap is NOT a good solution. Now the rule has changed, instead of low cost, many customers are looking for higher quality and skilled workers. This is where we come in. We do NOT develop low labor programmers but advanced software engineers with special skills. We do NOT compete for any projects but focus mostly on large scale integration such as government projects like national banking systems, nation election systems, e-government projects, aerospace projects, manufacturing projects and large agriculture projects. Our favorable time zone represents another advantage in performing software outsourcing services for North American customers. Our major cities are only two time zones east of the US East Coast, normal working hours in both countries coincide and as a result it is much easier to provide real-time support for US customers from Brazil than from other destinations such as India or China. That is why in the past\u00a0 few years, thousands of US companies have outsourced here and the number is increasing fast due to our high quality results\u201d.<\/p>\n

I commented: \u201cThat is very interesting. So you are competing with a different approach\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dr. Silva smiled: \u201cYou may say so. We cannot compete on prices but we do compete on quality. However, we have much more to offer because our education system is better. We have been doing large scale software for many years and most of our software workers are college graduates. I know that software workers in India and China are mostly \u201cVocational trained\u201d so their wages are very low because they need programmers to meet the outsourcing needs. Today, several countries are following this model to quickly produce workers but that is short term thinking. As most software products are getting larger and more complex, the needs will no longer be on the programming or testing but the entire lifecycle. I do not think people with a few months training would be able to work on these projects. We believe that no one would be able to work in software industry without a college degree. We even think few years from now, the industry may require workers to have advanced degrees as software products are getting larger, more complex and highly specialized. This is why we also plan for the future because strategy is about the long term to keep things stable and steadily grow. Today, Brazil can offer excellent opportunities for IT outsourcing such as good skills, cultural similarity with Europe and North America, geographical proximity and favorable time zone with North America and Europe, economic and political stability, excellent infrastructure, low annual employee attrition, unique mix of young talent with well managed leadership\u201d.<\/p>\n

I was impressed by his view and agreed with his assessment that the market will soon change as software are getting larger and more complex. I asked: \u201cIt seems that you know the market very well and your plan is excellent. What else are you planning to do next?<\/p>\n

Dr. Silva explained: \u201cBrazil still has issues. Our universities are producing several thousand IT graduates a year but many are not fluent in English. You cannot work in the software industry without a foreign language, even you only work for local company. Today software is becoming more global with workers come from everywhere so to stay in this field, you must be good in English. That is our main weakness so we are working on the requirements that all science and technology students must be fluent in English. There is another issue, most of our software companies are smaller than Indian or Chinese companies so our services are very limited and that will slowdown our growth. I believe there will be some acquisitions and mergers as the market becoming more competitive. There are also many social issues that need to be worked on as we have a large population and widespread poverty. Brazil is known for many slums called \u201cfavelas\u201d where millions of people live without running water and electricity. This issue creates a major difficulty in our country on how to provide economic support for these poor people. Software industry helps educated people but there are many who are not well educated. We know that high tech jobs can create additional no-high tech jobs but that is not enough. Although our agriculture industry is well managed and helps people in the countryside but younger people do not want to work in the countryside anymore so they move to the cities. Without jobs, they get involve in crimes and social problems such as drugs, thefts, prostitutions etc. Today, security is becoming a major issue with gun crime and drug dealing on the streets of the big cities like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Unless we can solve these problems, we will never be a fully developed country\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u0129 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Brazil. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2647"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2648,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2647\/revisions\/2648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}