{"id":2616,"date":"2013-07-06T16:34:13","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2616"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:34:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:34:13","slug":"he-thong-giao-duc-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2616","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ba tu\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay h\u1ecdc sinh KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do sai. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 KH\u00d4NG “b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c” con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ec2 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ee5. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam n\u1eefa. H\u1ecdc sinh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ec2 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 PH\u1ea2I \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1eebng n\u0103m, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc sinh Trung Qu\u1ed1c ra h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn bi\u1ec7n minh: \u201cNh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cX\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi h\u1ecd theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m nom t\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho t\u00f4i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. Ham mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p , l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t v.v.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y bi\u1ec7n minh: \u201cNh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc \u0111i h\u1ecdc hay v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o “m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc”, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n” m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, t\u00f4i tin m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. N\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. N\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG c\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc hay \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf sao?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cS\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc sinh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh hay c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 trong tay, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ABC n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n XYZ. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t khi qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thu x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Khi \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m khi h\u1ecd r\u1eddi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y?\u201d L\u00e0m ra danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c. Khi \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n giao vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, \u00f4n t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Thep ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i trong l\u1edbp thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y.”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. H\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u1ee9.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh. Ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ea5p thu th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tri th\u1ee9c do gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n cho. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecdc sinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn ng\u1ed3i t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c” v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p thu tri th\u1ee9c”. Trong phong c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong khi h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf L\u00c0M nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Phong c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c” ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG “th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng” n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn, KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe y\u00ean t\u0129nh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cao \u0111\u1ed9. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nghi\u00eang sang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ed5, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn theo d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v.v. \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9” \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cTh\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Thay v\u00ec cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n cho n\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cL\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i v\u1eeba m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m cho t\u1edbi nay. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ba mi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c hay l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00f3i t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, c\u00f2n h\u00e0nh vi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ba phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: th\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, th\u00ednh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 (th\u1ecb h\u1ecdc) nghe gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 (th\u00ednh h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p thu th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu n\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i nghe n\u00f3 (th\u00ednh h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00ednh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u00ean t\u0129nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 n\u00f3i, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn. H\u1ecdc sinh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf cho h\u1ecd qua vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. B\u1eb1ng nghe v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u00ean h\u1ecdc hay KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc). H\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc quan c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trao tay v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y; 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghe nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 90 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y, nghe v\u00e0 l\u00e0m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tham gia v\u00e0o phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English verrsion—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The new education system<\/p>\n

Last month, I spent three weeks teaching in China. During that time, a professor complained: \u201cToday students are NOT motivated to learn anymore but still go to school for the wrong reasons. Many parents do NOT \u201cForce\u201d their children to get college degrees because they are NOT guarantee good jobs. Many professors can NOT make a living with their salaries and have to work extra for additional incomes. How can we improve our education system with these issues?\u201d.<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cThe problem with the current education is the view on how students learn. For thousand years, academic people believe that they know what students need and come up with a list of things that students must learn. The problem is the world that we are living today is changing so quickly. What academic people can teach is what they have learned many years ago, it may NOT be what students want to learn anymore. Students know that some trainings are already obsolete, some techniques are no longer used and with that knowledge they can NOT get good jobs and MUST be retrained. That is why each year, there are over half million Chinese students go to study abroad. Of course, your country do have several good schools, good programs, and good professors but with a student population reaching several millions, it is NOT enough\u201d.<\/p>\n

He seemed to agree but still argued: \u201cBut we have built several new schools, our government has a large budget to build additional schools to meet the demand\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cTo build more schools only meet the population demand but NOT the quality of education. To improve the education system you must start with a different mindset. I believe that students learn best when they are pursuing goals that they really care about. What school teach must help them to achieve their goals. Students will be motivated to put efforts into learning something if they know the benefits of learning as well as the costs of NOT learning. That is why it is important to start the class with an explanation on the benefit of the course materials. Professor must make a case about the value of that knowledge in students lives by help students to answer the question \u201cHow will it benefit me\u201d because students learn when they want to learn. That desire to learn should coincide with their development into adulthood, from dependent stage to independent stage, where they learn about their roles and responsibilities in their lives such as career planning, acquiring skills, achieving competencies, getting jobs, workplace performance, contributing to the society, building a family, be a professional, be a good citizen etc.\u201d<\/p>\n

He argued: \u201cBut NOT all students want to learn. Some are there because their parents want them or because they do not know what to do\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cOf course, there are students like that. Either they are not mature enough or have different personal goals. In that case, a professor cannot force them. However there are many who want to learn too. It is important that the one who want to learn must leave school with something that can benefit them. Today, college education is focusing mostly on \u201csubject\u201d, which is abstract to most students. A better way would be on \u201csmaller task\u201d that students would understand better. With current fast changing technology, I believe some trainings, especially technology training, should be focus on task rather than subject. The task outcomes provide the guides that will guarantee that you are teaching what needs to be taught. The task describes the intended instructional outcomes or students accomplishment. It does NOT focus on what the professor must do as with current education thinking. It does NOT try to accomplish an abstract subject such as the course content description or what the textbook emphasizes. A task describes what students will be able to do when they have the skill, when they are competent\u201d.<\/p>\n

He seemed surprised: \u201cSo you want to breakdown a large subject into smaller tasks?<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cIt will be much easier for students to learn several small tasks rather than an abstract subject. It would be much easier to change the content of the training program when technology change and it will make the course more flexible to adjust to each student\u2019s learning style. First you must identify the tasks that student must perform in order to carry out their jobs. Then you analyze each task to determine how a competent person would perform that task. You need to focus on the process or the steps that person must follow and what decisions that person must make. From there, you will be able to identify the skills necessary to perform the task. With that information in hand, you can write the learning outcomes such as by learning this ABC, students will be able to perform XYZ. After that you must determine prerequisite relationship among the learning outcomes. You must ask does certain skill need to be mastered before another so you will be able to structure your teaching material accordingly. Once this process is complete, you can organize the instruction that enables students to master the learning outcomes. It is important that you organize your training and arrange them in a logical way that shows how they relate to each other. In this way, you can create a hierarchy that shows a prerequisite relationship among the tasks or skills that you intend to train. This is really the basic of the new thinking in teaching. As you organize your course content, you must identify the main points necessary to accomplish each outcome by asking yourself \u201cWhat must the students know and be able to do when they leave this course?\u201d Make an itemized list and then fully develop each item. As you deliver training, be sure to identify the learning outcome and the benefits first and then instruct specifically to that outcome. Before moving on to a new topic, review the outcome and ensure that students can accomplish it. In this new teaching method, students should be encouraged to prepare themselves too. You should have some pre-class readings so students will read them before come to class and discuss the materials in class rather than just being passive sit quiet and listen to what you teach.<\/p>\n

He shook his head: \u201cThat will NOT work, students do not get used to do things before class. They come to class to learn from the professor\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cThat is the traditional learning style. It depends on cognitive learning, using only lectures as the main instruction. This type of learning requires students to passively absorb large amounts of knowledge transmits by the professor. In the old day, that is the only way but today it is different. Today students are easily distract by so many things, and they do not have patient to sit still in class and many also lack of motivation so you need different approach. I understand that it is hard for the professor to take different role. With the new teaching method, you are no longer the \u201cknowledge transmitters\u201d and students are no longer \u201cThe knowledge absorbers\u201d. In this new style, professors are the coaches, the motivators, the supporters as students must learn the materials by themselves. They are the \u201cactive learners\u201d and they learn by actually DO those tasks to improve their skills. The new style is focusing on \u201cInteractive\u201d NOT \u201cpassive\u201d where classes are for discussions and debates, NOT just listening quietly. Of course, it takes time for the students to change too but if learning is to take place, it must be highly interactive. You will see some tasks and skills lend themselves to interaction more easily than others, so as professor you must be creative. You must look for opportunities to use case studies, class presentations, teamwork exercises, facilitated discussions, role-plays, scenario and problem solving, etc. to keep the class activity dynamic that that is where students will learn. To retain learning, students need opportunities to make a connection with the materials so they can apply the learning to real-life and that is why exercises are important. The new concept is focusing more on daily and weekly individual exercises, team-works exercise to make learning a \u201cprogress\u201d and much less on the end-of-course tests. This will help avoid students cramming before the test\u201d.<\/p>\n

He shook his head: \u201cThat is too much, it put a lot of pressure on the professor. Instead of grading one test at the end of the course, we have to grade tests every week so a fifteen week course could means fifteen tests. That is impossible\u201d.<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cAs an educator, you ask about how to improve your current education system. What I have described is the current thinking that we have been using very successful for many years now. Our research found that students learn best by experiencing a blend of activities that promote the three learning domains: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Cognitive refers to knowledge or subject matter, affective refers to attitudes and beliefs, and behavior refers to practical application. The three primary learning styles are: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Basically, students must see the professors (Visual) listening to the professor (Auditory) to take notes and absorb the information to get the subject matter. Textbook and written materials are good for cognitive learning by providing the basic knowledge but to absorb it, they must hear it (Auditory) that is why attending class is important. However, auditory does not means just quietly listening but also speaking, discussion and debating. Students interpret the knowledge and clarify them via listening to professor\u2019s lectures and other\u2019s asking questions or discussing. By listening and seeing, they form their attitudes and beliefs whether they should learn or NOT learn the materials. That is why professor must explain the benefits of the skill acquire on the lecture materials. Instead of a abstract concept of a subject, you may want to breakdown into smaller tasks which is easier to explain and easier to teach. These things form the foundation for learning but to acquire the skill, students must learn by actually experiencing and doing (Kinesthetic). Students must learn through a hands-on approach and actively doing it. That is why exercises, homework, quizzes, and teamworks are important. Our research found that students retain 10 percent of what we see; 30 percent of what they see and hear but 90 percent of what they see, hear, and do. Of course, it requires both professors and students to do more but that is the only way to improve the current education system. To improve the quality of education, professor may want to adopt the new teaching method. To improve the motivation, students may take the initiative by willing to participate in the new learning style. You cannot expect better outcomes by building more schools, more buildings, more training programs if you do not focus on both the quality of education and the motivation of students.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ba tu\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay h\u1ecdc … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2616"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2617,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2616\/revisions\/2617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}