{"id":2608,"date":"2013-07-06T16:30:22","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2608"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:30:22","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:30:22","slug":"giao-duc-va-toan-cau-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2608","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p qu\u00e3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. N\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n trong GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Brazil \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u1eedi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG coi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. H\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 2, l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh quanh n\u0103m 1980 nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 do s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u co l\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u m\u1ecdi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng cho n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea3 M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t kinh doanh ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Brazil \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u1eady? Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. L\u00ed do kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u1eabn l\u00e1i cho kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea1nh tranh then ch\u1ed1t s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 2 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Singapore, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (\u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed) l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i loan \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t howen v\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao hai n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i tu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ra h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng CNTT tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Ng\u00e0y nay th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ec9 “nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n” nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra “h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi” c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Logic l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi”. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, b\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Khi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i tu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa \u201cgi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u00e0\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u1ecb x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i g\u1eedi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Trong ba n\u0103m qua, s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eadt l\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2U s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1edbm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu? M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u, t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i tin c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Education and globalization<\/p>\n

For the past fifty years, developed countries dominated the world economy, contributing about two-thirds of the global GDP but today it falls to about a half. If this trend continue, it could be much less than a half in the next few years. The rest of global GDP will be contributed by emerging developing countries. The shift in global GDP is obviously the result of globalization in which developing countries could catch up with developed countries and possible dominate the world economy in the near future. The fact is just less than fifteen years, economies of developing countries such as China, India and Brazil are growing faster than both the U.S and Europe is a significant phenomenon that no one can predict. This achievement is a strong evident that globalization does opens opportunity for countries who know how to take advantage of it and also sends a warning sign to those who ignore it.<\/p>\n

Globalization is NOT new, its impacts are well written in books but many people do NOT take it seriously. They only consider it as the opening of more markets to sell products or a new way to get low cost labors. They ignore the fundamental principle which states that economic growth depends on three factors: The supply of workers, their knowledge and skills, and their productivity. As the number of workers in developed countries declines because of low birth rate, many are reaching retirement but NOT being replaced by younger workers, manufacturing outputs are going down as companies outsource works to lower cost countries, so eventually their economies are slowly declining.<\/p>\n

For example, Japan\u2019s economy grew quickly after World War 2, reached the top around 1980 but began to decline in mid 1990s due to the number of workers began to shrink, the number of retired people is reaching all time high, and current workers are more concerned about keeping their jobs but NOT on anything else. Today Japan is struggling to maintain its position as an economic power. The U.S and Europe are also facing similar issues but able to maintain their strengths due to the high productivity of their skilled workers and their investment in high technology. The financial crisis in 2008 has put a stop to it. Today both the U.S and European countries are struggling from an unprecedented numbers of company went out of business, millions of workers unemployed, many factories closed as their economies fell deeply into recessions.<\/p>\n

Why developing countries such as China, India and Brazil are doing so well? In my opinion, these countries all have large supply of younger workers than the U.S and Europe which is one of the factors for economic growth. Another reason is these workers are highly motivated to make their life better by willing to work for much less than their counterparts in the U.S and Europe. That give them significant advantages on costs which bring in more foreign investments and works to their countries. These factors drive their economies to grow in an unprecedented rate, faster than any one can predict. However, the key competition that will determine whether these countries could overtake the U.S and Europe will be on knowledge and skills and this is where education will play an important role.<\/p>\n

In we look back in time, we can see that the rapid economic development of Asia since World War 2 started in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, then to Singapore, and finally to India and China. All of these countries recognize the importance of an educated workforce to drive economic growth. They understand that workers and productivity (cost advantage) are important to start but to maintain the advantage, they must invest in education. Beginning in the 1960s, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan all started to improve their education systems by providing their people with greater access to better education and they all achieved impressive results. China and India did not start education improvement until 1990s which explain why these two economies are behind in the past thirty years.<\/p>\n

India started its education overhaul in the 1980s by sending massive number of professors and students to study abroad and adopt the western education systems. The key focus are on engineering, physics and technology. The Information technology industry is a result of this plan where many foreign-educated students returned and started their own companies. With favorable business environments, with lower costs and high quality, with young and skilled IT workforce who is fluent in English, Indian\u2019s IT industry has become the world leader in IT solutions and services. The IT industry has lifted India from an agriculture-based economy into a high technology country. Today the main challenge in India is the huge population that need to receive good education, NOT just a few \u201cprivilege people\u201d as in the case of the IT industry. Currently, India government is working on an aggressive education plan for the rest of its citizen to grow into a developed country.<\/p>\n

China started its education improvement differently. Instead of adopting the western education systems, its policy is to create its own \u201cworld-class education system\u201d by select few universities to receive significant government funding with a focus mainly on manufacturing. The logic is manufacturing can create more jobs for a country with large population. The government also encourage foreign companies to set up factories with favorable business conditions to promote economic growth. The plan worked well for a number of years and China has become the \u201cFactory of the world\u201d. However manufacturing also brings many undesirable consequences such as pollution, contamination of agriculture lands, movement of workers from rural areas to big cities, and too much exports has lead to over dependent on foreign countries. When the financial crisis happened, many countries reduced imports which resulted in the closing of factories, lay off workers and significant unemployment. Recently, China government begins to notice these consequences and begin to focus more on high technology and adopt the western education systems. However the overhauling of the education systems is facing strong resistance from its traditional education systems. One major problem is the limited number of western educated professors to teach the new curriculum. There is also issue between \u201cOlder professors\u201d who occupied senior positions and wanted to maintain their way of teaching and \u201cYounger professors\u201d who occupied lower ranking positions but want to adopt new teaching system. Until these issues are resolved, before the reform of traditional approaches to new curricula could take place, China has to send more students to study oversea. In the past three years, the number of Chinese students study abroad has reached over half million each year.<\/p>\n

Many people believe that after every downturn the economy always bounced back and the U.S and Europe will be able to recover soon. However, if India and China can improve their education system quickly then the balance of power may shift to their favor. With globalization, things are always uncertain but the question remain is what will happen when these two giants begin to dominate the world economy? What will happen for countries that have ignored the impact of globalization? What will happen to countries with a backward education system? Although no one can predict the future but the longer the education system is not improve, the greater the damage is likely to be. Opportunity is something only happen when you are prepared.<\/p>\n

More than ever, I believe education improvement must be\u00a0 the highest priority for every developing countries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p qu\u00e3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2609,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608\/revisions\/2609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}