{"id":2600,"date":"2013-07-06T16:25:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2600"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:25:58","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:25:58","slug":"kiem-thu-phan-mem-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2600","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng 70% khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 30% kia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. V\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. L\u00ed do th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (RE) l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0o hay thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin trong pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cThu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngay sau pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KH\u00d4NG l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG v\u00e0o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1ng. H\u1ecd tin ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed xong m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 “t\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng” \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t (qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng) nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eafn ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fat n\u00e0o hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm (Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng). Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00fac qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n. N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n KH\u00d4NG ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ec ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t b\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, v.v.) v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (c\u00e1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, c\u00e1i ra d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.). Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 sai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1i v\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i l\u00e0m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i qua b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m\u00a0 th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7. H\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1edbi v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 h\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed alpha, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed beta, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to” \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Testing<\/p>\n

Testing is the execution of a program to find defects. A good test case is one that has a high probability of detecting defect. However, industry studies found that even with the best test case, developers can only catch about 70% of the defects and the other 30% still remain after the software is released to users. Because the limit of testing, it is recommended that developers remove as many defects as possible by other methods such as software reviews and inspections before testing phase to improve the quality of the software products.<\/p>\n

There are many reasons for software to have defects. The most common is software requirements are not well defined and often change. These changes cause developers to change what they are doing and it creates defects. That is why Requirements Engineering (RE) is an important skill because it focuses on identify any ambiguous or missing information during the requirements phase. It forces developers to look at the entire requirements to determine \u201cTestability attributes\u201d. For every requirement, developers must be able to write a test case. If they cannot test it then either the requirement is ambiguous or developers do NOT understand the requirement. In either case, a discussion with users to clarify the requirement is necessary. That is why testing must be planned immediately after the requirements phase. However, lacking of the requirements engineering skill, many developers do NOT plan testing until they complete coding. This is too late and it is a big mistake. That is why most software have too many defects and too costly.<\/p>\n

Another common mistake is the Test strategy is NOT well defined. Most developers focus on testing functions but NOT on integration or build. They believe as long as they test all requirements than everything will be good. They are NOT trained in \u201cSystem Thinking\u201d to understand the robustness of software by concentrate on critical portions of the system such as capacity and performance. Many times, all functions independently work well (Passing functions test) but when you put them together, the system does NOT work anymore or perform very slow (Failing integration test or Performance test). These types of defect are difficult and require a lot of time and efforts to fix.<\/p>\n

Another common mistake is the Test resources are NOT adequate. Either project manager assigns too little time for testing or test people are not brought onto project until late. If the test group does NOT understand the system well than they cannot do good job in finding defects. Many project managers do NOT clearly distinct testing activity and developing activity. Since testing is often regarded as the last activity, if a project is late, test is often eliminated to meet the scheduled deadline. Of course, many software have defects and users are very angry.<\/p>\n

Another common mistake is on the knowledge and skill of testers. Many testers do NOT make distinction between test plan (objectives, approach, resources required, etc.) and test procedure (specific inputs, the expected outputs, directions to the tester, etc.). Many would program test cases rather than review test plan for adequacy, test procedures for completeness, and failure mode effects analysis to identify probable error-causing inputs as test data. Even when they test, they do NOT perform coverage analysis identify which control paths have been exercised by the test data and which have not. Most do NOT assess test effectiveness to determine how well the test data have exposed defects contained in the software. Without adequate training, many do NOT consistently apply regression testing to ensure that program changes have not impacted correct system functioning. They do NOT know how error discovery rate can be analyzed to support a rational product release decision.<\/p>\n

During my trip to several Asian countries last year. I found that many universities did NOT have courses on software testing. Testing was taught as part of programming language classes. Many students did NOT understand Unit testing, Integration testing, System testing, alpha testing, beta testing, Regression testing, and Acceptance testing. To them everything was just a \u201cbig test\u201d to make sure that software executed and did NOT crash. Unless this view is changing and appropriate training is in place, software quality will NOT be improved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2600"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2601,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2600\/revisions\/2601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}