{"id":2594,"date":"2013-07-06T16:22:38","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2594"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:22:38","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:22:38","slug":"steve-jobs-nha-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2594","title":{"rendered":"Steve Jobs: Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong blog tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho l\u00e0m doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u201cAi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tri th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, “c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn”, v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Steve Jobs v\u00e0 Steve Wozniak l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Apple Computer. (\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Steve Jobs, xin \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford). Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, Steve Jobs\u00a0t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ReedCollege nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cHippie\u201d, du h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i cho t\u1edbi khi anh ta h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n. Anh ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u01a1i anh ta g\u1eb7p Steve Wozniak. Wozniak l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u00e0i t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Anh ta th\u00edch l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ra sao. Wozniak c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng v\u00ec anh ta ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi \u0111am m\u00ea m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, anh ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c “l\u00e9n” v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u anh ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra. (Anh ta h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng). Anh ta c\u0169ng “l\u00e9n” v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i x\u00ea mi na k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, cho n\u00ean anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. (Anh ta h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb). M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m anh ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Altair trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, anh ta b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Anh ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng chip Intel 8080 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem t\u1ea1i \u201cC\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh bia\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford (Anh ta ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m duy nh\u1ea5t). \u0110i\u1ec1u anh ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng cassette v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ti vi. Khi Steve Jobs th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, anh ta thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Wozniak r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n (C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh). D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Jobs, Wozniak \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 Apple Computer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 1976.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Apple I. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch in v\u1edbi b\u0103ng cassette l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng 4 KB b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy nh\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (RAM). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f3c n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ti vi l\u00e0m m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p\u201d nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Wozniak thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Apple II. M\u00f4 \u0111en n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1n khi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a m\u1ec1m, b\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 48KB RAM. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 Jobs v\u00e0 Wozniak th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa.\u00a0Sau khi c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Steve Wozniak tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Berkeley \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (Anh ta mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd) v\u00e0 b\u1ecf cho Steve Jobs qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh Apple Computer.<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m Apple Company t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n IBM. Anh ta tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Stanford, Berkeley, v\u00e0 Carnegie Mellon \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cThe Lisa\u201d m\u00e0 anh ta tin s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Apple II, anh ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, Apple Company \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng Jobs kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebfu tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.) Anh ta thu\u00ea John Sculley, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb Pepsi Cola v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng anh ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eed Sculley v\u1ec1 Apple l\u00e0: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 anh l\u1ea1i ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian \u0111i b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho tr\u1ebb con khi anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f9ng nhau ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi John Sculley l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Apple (CEO), Steve Jobs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201cThe Lisa\u201d. (Tin \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00e0 Lisa l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Reed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tan v\u1ee1 tr\u00e1i tim Steve Jobs.) V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean Lisa th\u00e0nh Mac Intosh hay Mac). The Lisa l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (GUI) v\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ed9t\u201d. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ed5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Steve Jobs ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Jobs \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, John Sculley chi\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1984, \u00f4ng ta \u0111u\u1ed5i Steve Jobs v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Apple Computer b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay ngay c\u1ea3 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c.)<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Steve Jobs v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o sa th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 “b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc” n\u01a1i Steve Jobs \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, Steve Jobs nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng anh ta KH\u00d4NG t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111am m\u00ea. Anh ta \u0111i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c: NeXt Computer, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f2n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua. \u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Apple Computer cho ph\u00e9p Microsoft ti\u1ebfn nhanh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea9y n\u0103m, Apple Company kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. John Sculley l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt xa l\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi Jobs nh\u01b0 “anh h\u00f9ng” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh, Apple KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Microsoft v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, John Sculley ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, Apple Computer \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Apple n\u00ean thu\u00ea Steve Jobs tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Apple Computer mua c\u00f4ng ti NeXt v\u00e0 thu\u00ea Jobs tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m CEO m\u1edbi trong n\u0103m 2000. Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111em \u0111am m\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, “k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p” m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m “\u0111i \u0111\u1ea7y” tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Apple. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i. Apple tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m canh t\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Mac, IPod, IPhone, v\u00e0 IPad v.v. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Steve Jobs C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111am m\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, anh ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ham mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc). Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cSteve Jobs\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cmu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Steve Jobs\u201d. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, danh v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 “tri th\u1ee9c”, “\u0111am m\u00ea”, “c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn”, “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u201d, s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn “may r\u1ee7i”, v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb “b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cay \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng” m\u00e0 Steve Jobs c\u0169ng c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao KH\u00d4Ng c\u00f3 Steve Jobs kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u201cSteve Jobs\u201d, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: C\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea trong \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m ngay c\u1ea3 khi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng cho d\u00f9 t\u1eeb “kinh nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7”. B\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: Xin h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u00e3ng b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n xu\u1ed1ng, KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng b\u1ea1n, \u0111i theo m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111i theo tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ea1n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc? B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u00fang, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, to h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n: b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: “Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng?” c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cD\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Steve Jobs: The entrepreneur<\/p>\n

In the previous blog, I wrote about the need to have certain knowledge as a precondition for entrepreneurship. My definition of entrepreneur is \u201cSomeone who has possession of unique knowledge and recognizes the business opportunity to transfer that knowledge into new product and assumes accountability and risks for it\u201d. Of course, beside the special knowledge, an entrepreneur must have strong passion, motivation, \u201cbusiness smart\u201d, and the desire to continue learning to succeed in this area.<\/p>\n

You probably know that Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak are founders of Apple Computer. (For more information about Steve Jobs, please read his graduation speech at StanfordUniversity). After graduating from high school, Steve Jobs\u00a0went to ReedCollege but dropped out to live like a \u201cHippie\u201d, traveled to several places until he ran out of money. He found a job in an electronic store where he met Steve Wozniak. Wozniak is an \u201cElectronic Hacker\u201d who had passion for anything associated with electronics. He likes to take electronic devices apart then rebuilt them to learn how things work. Wozniak is also a college drop-out but because he was poor and could not afford college tuition. However, with a strong passion for learning, he continued to \u201csneak\u201d into university classes until the school found out and asked him to leave. (He learns the basic knowledge in school). He also \u201csneaked\u201d into engineering seminars and electronic conferences by pretend to be a food services person, so he could learn more. (He learns advanced electronic knowledge in conferences). One day he saw a demonstration for the Altair computer in a conference, he was so impressed and determined to build something similar to that. He began to design a computer prototype using Intel 8080 chip and showed to people at the \u201cHomebrew Computer Club\u201d at Stanford university (He invents an unique product). What he wanted was to prove that it is possible to build a small computer using simple components such as cassette tape and TV monitor. When Steve Jobs saw the prototype, he convinced Wozniak that together they could sell it and make some money. (The business opportunity). Based on Jobs\u2019 encouragement, Wozniak agreed to form a company and Apple Computer was established in April 1976.<\/p>\n

The first computer was the Apple I. It was built on a printed circuit board with a cassette tape as storage and had about 4 KB of Random Access Memory (RAM). Users had to hook it to a TV as the monitor. The computer was sold as an \u201cassembly kit\u201d only but it had some customers. Based on the feedbacks from users, Wozniak designed and produced the Apple II. This model had a monitor, an floppy disk drive, a key board and 48KB RAM. It was a huge success and made both Jobs and Wozniak millionaires.\u00a0After the company was successful, Steve Wozniak returned to Berkeley University to finish his Bachelor degree in Computer Engineering (He want to learn more and of course he can afford the school now) and left Steve Jobs to manage the fast growing Apple Computer.<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs was ambitious to make Apple Company better and bigger than IBM. He recruited students from top universities like Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie Mellon to build the next computer called \u201cThe Lisa\u201d that he believed would be the most advanced and sophisticated personal computer at that time. Instead of using existing components like the Apple II, he wanted to base it on all the latest inventions, never use before. During that time, Apple Company grew so big with many millions dollars pouring in each month but Jobs had no knowledge of finance, accounting and business management. (This is the weakness of technical people, lacking business knowledge and skills) He hired John Sculley, an aggressive business manager from Pepsi Cola to work for him. The famous phrase that he used to lure Sculley to Apple was: \u201cWhy a talent person like you would waste your time selling sugar water to children when you could have a chance to join me and change the world. Together we could make history\u201d.<\/p>\n

With John Sculley to work as Apple\u2019 Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Steve Jobs could devote all his time working with his technical team to build \u201cThe Lisa\u201d. (Rumor was that Lisa is the name of a girl in Reed College that broke Steve Jobs\u2018s heart). Later the company changed the name Lisa to Mac Intosh or Mac). The Lisa was the first computer that has a \u00a0sophisticated Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) and a \u201cMouse\u201d. Because most components were new technology, never used before, the technical team and Steve Jobs had to spend so much time to make them work and no time for anything else.\u00a0 Without Jobs at the top, John Sculley seized the opportunity to staff the company with more managers, more people who were loyal to him and eventually took control of the company. Early 1984. He fired Steve Jobs and his technical people. Suddenly the entrepreneur who founded Apple Computer was without a job. (This is why technical knowledge is NOT enough, an entrepreneur or even a software engineer must have both knowledge)<\/p>\n

Can you imagine yourself as Steve Jobs at that time. The founder lost control and received a lay-off notice from his own company. This was a \u201clesson\u201d where Steve Jobs \u201clearned\u201d about the fact of life, about his ignorant in business knowledge.. After a long time of suffering, Steve Jobs realized his weaknesses but he did NOT gave up his passion. He went on to create another company: NeXt Computer, a company that was highly technologically advanced than others at that time. However, the business opportunity had passed. The weakness of Apple Computer allowed Microsoft to move quickly and captured the market.<\/p>\n

For several years, Apple Company had no new product or new idea. John Sculley was a business person, NOT technical. His firing of technical team and replaced them by his friends had alienated many technical people who considered Jobs as their \u201cHero\u201d. In the business market, Apple could NOT compete with Microsoft and its stock lost most of its value. Eventually, John Sculley had to resign, Apple Computer was ready to file for bankruptcy and some people suggested that Apple should hire Steve Jobs back. Apple Computer brought NeXt company and hire Jobs back as the new CEO in 2000. Steve Jobs was determined to bring the passion, the motivation, the advanced technology, and the \u201cbusiness skills\u201d that he learned during his \u201cExile\u201d years back to Apple. From then on, there was no looking back. Apple became more successful with many innovated products such as the Mac, the IPod, IPhone, and IPad etc. By this time, you probably know the rest of the story.<\/p>\n

To answer the question whether entrepreneur needs college education. I think Steve Jobs MAY NOT need to have a college education (He already has the knowledge, the passion, the motivation and willing to accept the risks but most of all, he also has the desire to learn from life lessons and continue learning). Today there is only one \u201cSteve Jobs\u201d but there are million people who \u201cWant to be Steve Jobs\u201d. They only want to have his money, his fame, his fortune but they do NOT have the \u201cKnowledge\u201d, the \u201cPassion\u201d, the \u201cBusiness Smart\u201d, the \u201cAbility to identify opportunity\u201d, the willingness to take \u201cRisks\u201d, and the courage to learn from \u201cLife bitter lessons\u201d that Steve Jobs also possesses. That is why there is NO other Steve Jobs.<\/p>\n

If you still want to be \u201cSteve Jobs\u201d, you must start with what he started: Having passion in what you do, learning more about technical knowledge, motivate even when you are down, courage even when your life become bitter and unbearable, and most of all, willing to learn nonstop even from \u201cbad life experience\u201d. Where do you build this kind of characters? In College, of course. My advice: Please study hard and stay in school. Do NOT let anything distract you from your goal, do NOT let any small failure brings you down, do Not let anything discourage you, follow your dream, follow your heart, form teams to share knowledge, having a lifelong goal to continue learning. Why do you learn these things in college? Because you may fail few times in classes, but by learning from them, you will NOT fail in life. College is where you are learning and preparing to face something larger, bigger, and more challenging: Life itself.<\/p>\n

Today, technology is a new field but has a lot of potential and opportunities. By choosing this field to study, you are making the right decision. I believe the future of this field is very promising with more new discoveries and more opportunities. To answer your question: Do entrepreneur need College education? My answer is: \u201cDefinitely Yes\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong blog tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho l\u00e0m doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2594"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2595,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594\/revisions\/2595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}