{"id":2578,"date":"2013-07-06T16:13:17","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:13:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2578"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:13:17","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:13:17","slug":"phan-mem-nguon-mo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2578","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf” l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf thay cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00edch l\u1ee3i: B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t bao g\u1ed3m giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n tu\u1ef3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u00edch l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1edf, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb tranh c\u00e3i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang cho n\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00f3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eafc kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n th\u00eam m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c, virut, hay \u201cng\u1ef1a Trojan\u201d v\u00e0o trong n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0o hay vi r\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 ra chia s\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u1ea3i n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng trong “m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m” v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u00f9ng n\u00f3, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cshareware\u201d (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng chung) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb website n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hay nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Open source software<\/p>\n

\u201cOpen source\u201d software is software that is written in such a way that the source code is open, available to people to use, change, improve, and freely redistribute it. Since its development in the late 1980s, it is growing very fast and being used all over the world. Many large companies, governments, and universities have used open source software over proprietary software to reduce costs and create customized software for their own uses.<\/p>\n

Open source software have many benefits: You do not have to pay and still have access to many new functions, new products and new technology. Many open source software are easy use, some even come with installation applications that include graphical user interfaces and online help. Because you have the source code, you can select all features in the software or only certain functions based on your needs. You can change it to make it work for you as you want. However, beside these benefits, open source software does have some issues that you must be cautious. For example, because the source code is open, anybody can change it, the reliability of open source can be compromised, especially on popular applications.<\/p>\n

Quality of open source is always an issue being debated. Many users believe that the more people use open source software, the more they will find defects and fix them so open source does have quality. Others believe that since too many people use it, change it, modify it so it will have more defects and low quality. There is another belief that because source code is open, available to all users, hackers could insert malwares, viruses, or \u201cTrojan horse code\u201d in it and cause harm to users. Other think that since it is open, people can easily detect any malwares or viruses and warns others. Of course, open source support is dependent on whoever develop it to provide information about it but it is not necessary. Many people just write code for their own use, put it out to share but do not want to support it and others may not have knowledge of its features or its technologies to use it accordingly.<\/p>\n

The best way to use open source is to download it in a \u201cTest environment\u201d and play with it until you are familiar with its functions and review the source code to make sure that it is safe before incorporate it with other software. For newly release open source software, you may want to wait for others to use it, comment on it, and provide some support to it, before using it. You do not want to be the first people to use something new, as it may has problems. Even it is a \u201cshareware\u201d (Software to be share) and free, you must download it from a well known websites or well known vendors to make sure that the software is of good quality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf” l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2578"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2579,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2578\/revisions\/2579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}