{"id":2570,"date":"2013-07-06T16:09:33","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2570"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:09:33","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:09:33","slug":"nghe-nghiep-va-viec-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2570","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t email: \u201cEm th\u00edch l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y trong website SEGVN, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc?\u201d tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea7n k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. Em hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng em v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a em khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cXin \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i b\u00e0i c\u0169 trong website n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu em ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00ec v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong C++ hay Java s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho em c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1edd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ruby hay Ajax? V\u1eady em s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, em bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 “vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m” ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p”. V\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, em s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0ng em s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Em s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO). Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 cho ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (trung b\u00ecnh $800\/th\u00e1ng) KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Malaysia (trung b\u00ecnh $450\/th\u00e1ng) hay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi (trung b\u00ecnh $200\/th\u00e1ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00e0y? H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1edbi n\u01a1i chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u1ecb ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: Xin \u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a em. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a em c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n h\u01a1n em ngh\u0129. \u0110\u1eeaNG t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n cho k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Em n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9 \u0110\u1eeaNG v\u00e0o ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00ec em v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu em c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho em ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Career and Job<\/p>\n

A student sent me an email: \u201cI like your practical advices in the SEGVN website, particular the article \u201cWhy go to college?\u201d however the current job market only needs testers and programmers, NOT software engineers or higher level positions. I understand that college education is important but I am still confused about my choice of finishing a college degree then go to work at the same job as people with six months of programming training. Please advise.\u201d<\/p>\n

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My answer: \u201cPlease re read several old articles in the website. There is a big difference between a college degree and a vocational degree regarding a career and a job. If you only want a job then few months of programming training in C++ or Java would be sufficient to qualify you to work as a programmer. What would happen if few years from now the job market changes to another programming language such as Ruby or Ajax? Then you will have to go back and learn these languages. In this case, you are always reacting to the job market because all you want is a \u201cjob\u201d NOT a \u201ccareer\u201d. With a software career, you will start as a programmer or tester but you will move on to other positions and continue to build a career based on your knowledge and experience. You will NOT work as a programmer or tester for long but you could be a project manager, an architect, a business analysts, a system manager or a Chief Information Officer (CIO). A job is a temporary that could change based on market needs but a career is something that last a lifetime.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, when visited India, I found that there were many vocational schools that turn out hundred thousand programmers and testers. These people had good jobs because Indian\u2019s outsourcing business was doing very well. Recently the market trend is changing as the cost of doing business in India is going up. Many Indian companies begin to outsource programming and testing works to lower cost countries to focus more on higher and more profitable positions such as Architect, System analyst, Project manager etc. That means people with vocational training will be out of work as their wages (Average $800\/month) could NOT compete with other lower wage countries such as China, Vietnam, Malaysia (Average $450\/month) or African countries (Average $200\/month). What will happen to these Indian\u2019s programmers and testers? They have to either reduce their wages or have no jobs. However, with the cost of living keeps rising fast, they cannot afford to live with lower wages so their future is still unknown. The outsourcing trend will continue to move works to where the lowest labor cost is, many jobs will also be moving quickly as the market need changes. In my opinion, no one could depend on this kind of job for long. It is essential to build a lifelong career based on good education rather than just a short term position.<\/p>\n

My advice: Please stay in school and finish your college degree. Your future is brighter than you think. Do NOT focus too much on the current job market, it will change. I am sure there will be more opportunities for software engineers, computer scientists and information system managers. You should focus on the long terms NOT short term as you are still young with many years ahead. By the way, if you have a college degree in software and possess a foreign language skill, the chance for you to travel, work in a foreign country, earn a good wages, would also be very good as the world is experiencing critical shortage of software professionals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t email: \u201cEm th\u00edch l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y trong website SEGVN, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ea1i sao … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2570"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2571,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2570\/revisions\/2571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}