{"id":2565,"date":"2013-07-06T16:04:43","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2565"},"modified":"2013-07-06T16:04:43","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T09:04:43","slug":"tai-lieu-kiem-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2565","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t email sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n g\u00ec?\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft \u201cTrong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng? Xin l\u00e0m \u01a1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta xem m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n: \u201cGi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra \u1edf c\u00f4ng ti h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t gi\u1eadn b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecf qua. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u00e2m nguy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Requirement Specification (SRS). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SRS v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ai? B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG th\u00edch l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho c\u00f4ng ti nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p l\u00ed trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i sai. Trong kinh doanh, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ra, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u qua, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft: B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao qu\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (B\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i) bao qu\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i t\u00ecm ra (m\u1edf hay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng), k\u00ed s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1eeaNG d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o trao \u0111\u1ed5i mi\u1ec7ng. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Testing documentation<\/p>\n

A reader send me email after reading the article \u201cWhat does a new tester need?\u201d. He wrote \u201cIn my career as tester, I never see any testing documents. Testers are always busy, have no time for anything else. Do testers need to have documents? Is testing document important? Please explain.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Answer: I know that there are testers who never see a testing document and never write one. I also know that many testers are so busy and have no time for anything just like you described. There are many schools that teach programming and testing but never mention anything about testing documentation. Many testers learn about testing techniques and methods but never learn about testing documentation. Let us look at a scenario: \u201cAssume that you work in a project as a tester. You tested everything and found no defect so you released the software to the customer. Few days later, the customer came back with a list of many defects that they found at their company. Your manager is very angry at you and developers think that you are incompetent for letting so many defects passed. Suddenly your job is in jeopardy. However, you found that these defects were caused by the customer as they execute software in different platform than the one documented in the Software Requirement Specification (SRS). If you wrote your Testing Plan based on the SRS and clearly described the platform the software is supposed to run on, and if your document was reviewed and approved by both project manager and customer then whose fault is that? Now you are safe because you have proof that it was NOT your fault. What happened if you do NOT have a Testing plan? What happened if there is no document? You can draw a conclusion from this simple scenario whether document is important or not?<\/p>\n

Many companies do not consider documentation is important until something happened. Many developers and testers do NOT like to document because they do NOT understand the reason why they must document. Many even think documentation is a waste of time. The fact is\u00a0documentation can save a company a lot of time, efforts and money.<\/strong>\u00a0It is a formal way of communication and agreement between customer and development team. It is also a legal document in case something go wrong. In business, if it is NOT put in writing, it does not worth anything. Document must be reviewed and approved before any work can start. A project document clarifies project objective, goals, methods to ensure consistency and performance. A testing document explains what to be tested, the test cases to be used including test data. If all test cases pass, the software meets the customer\u2019s requirements. Test plan is also a formal agreement, a contract between the development team and customer.<\/p>\n

There are several software testing documents that every tester must know: Project testing plan that covers scope, objectives, test strategy, test methods, test design and test schedules. Test report (Bug report) covers status of testing activities, numbers of test perform, and status of each test such as number of defects found (open or closed), Test log, test cases, test data and test analysis etc.<\/p>\n

Software Testing documents play an important role in every software project. As tester, you must keep things documented whenever possible. Do NOT rely on verbal communication. Talk is easy but it is NOT a formal and legal way for agreement. If something happens, customer may deny that they even know you. You need document to protect you. As a professional tester you do need to let people know that you have both knowledge and skills about testing activities by following a formal testing process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t email sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n g\u00ec?\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft \u201cTrong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2565"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2566,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2565\/revisions\/2566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}