{"id":2555,"date":"2013-07-06T15:58:22","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2555"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:58:22","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:58:22","slug":"giao-duc-va-kinh-te-thi-truong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2555","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch C\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef li\u00ean bang M\u0129 Ben Bernanke \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m hay h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed KH\u00d4NG t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, th\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 35 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m hay h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, thu nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i KH\u00d4NG C\u00d3 G\u00cc M\u1edaI, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103m ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sang chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1p tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Theo Robert Reich, c\u1ef1u vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e3ng 60 t\u1edbi 70 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng khi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xoay quanh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 v\u1ec1 “ki\u1ec3m tra” v\u00e0 “ghi nh\u1edb thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng”, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1edf” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng”. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 bao la nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 PDA, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3, tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y nay, CNTT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n CNTT v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 500,000 nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1edf M\u0129. Con s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecd cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u00eam tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi CNTT t\u1eebng n\u0103m, c\u0169ng \u0111ang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p CNTT nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng CNTT v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n “c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 cao.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 chi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “ki\u1ec3m tra tri th\u1ee9c” thay v\u00ec “\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng” v\u00e0 v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p “s\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1edf”. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 5 tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 KH\u00d4NG ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Everett, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Trung QU\u1ed1c v\u1eabn “b\u1ecb kho\u00e1” trong kh\u00e1 ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i h\u1ecd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn thay v\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Brazil, Singapore, Malaysia nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Education and the market economy<\/p>\n

Last week, U.S Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke was asked about rising income inequality in the United States and he explained: \u201cToday we have two societies, the educated and the uneducated. It is based on educational differences and employment. With the current economic recession, if you are a college graduate, unemployment is about 5 percent but if you are a high school graduate, unemployment rate is 10 percent or more. However, if you do NOT even graduate from high school, then the unemployment rate is about 35 percent or more. It is a big difference regarding employment, incomes, and life styles because we are living in an information age where knowledge and skills are essential for survival.\u201d<\/p>\n

What he said is NOTHING NEW, many scholars have been saying about it for years but no one would pay attention. Certainly education affects people’s earning potential in a world where the economy is changing from product manufacturing to service delivery. Manufacturing depends on the mass production process and the low cost of labor but service industry depends on the technology, the knowledge and skills of workers. According to Robert Reich, a former U.S secretary of labors, unequal in education explains about 60 to 70 percent of widening inequality in the world today. He warned that when many things can be automated and controlled by information systems then the uneducated will be left with fewer jobs, fewer opportunities, and countries without good education systems to transition into the information age could be left behind, their societies will become chaotic with huge number of unemployed people and extreme poverty.<\/p>\n

Most people know that education is a key factor in economic competitiveness and the advancement of the society but in some countries, the focus on education as solution to economic problems have failed. The reason is their education system are NOT effective at building the knowledge and skills needed to establish the development of knowledge workers.\u00a0Many education systems are still designed around old concepts of \u201cTesting\u201d and \u201cRote memorization\u201d which measure certain knowledge, commonly referred to as \u201cbook smarts\u201d, rather than \u201cskills smart\u201d. In these countries, there are plenty of well-educated graduates with multiple degrees who do NOT possess the skills to make effective contributions to the economy.\u00a0The interesting fact is in these countries, there are very high number of college graduates that cannot find jobs but on the other hand, their businesses also cannot find qualified employees for their works.<\/p>\n

For example, with globalization, the entire business world is connected by a vast amount of information networks. Most jobs requireinteractions with computer or computing devices such as PDA, cell phones etc. Therefore, the knowledge of information technology (IT) is the fundamental of all educational subjects, just like mathematics was the key concept in the industrial age of the last century. Today, IT is no longer about managing data network or programming applications but it is part of every businesses. Actually, every business needs IT and people with IT skills. It is not surprised that the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics is predicting that by 2012 there will be a shortage of 500,000 IT professionals in the U.S. The shortage number could reach few millions if we add Europe and Asia into the total. Even countries such as India and China where they graduate over a million of IT people each year, are also saying that they need more IT professionals but could not fill their needs.<\/p>\n

Today the demand for IT skills is ubiquitous as they may not necessarily need electrical or software engineers, but rather people who knows how to apply IT into the business. In other word, the \u201cEducated\u201d workers of the future are professional that have a solid understanding of both the technological and business sides. Of course, they must also have the soft skills such as communications, teamwork and their desire to continuously learn to keep up with technology changes. Therefore, new education system must be based on information technology as the foundation with the focus on solving business problems in a globalized world where competition is high.<\/p>\n

However, the problem is many countries are still debating on how to improve their education systems rather than make it happens. Many are working on large scale plans based on what they wish rather than looking at their market needs. For example, few years ago many people had predict that China would become a significant competitor to India as an IT outsourcing destination. The country would overcome the English language problem by an aggressive education improvement program, government has spent a large amount of money to build many new universities that could graduate million of workers. Today, these education programs are beginning to take shape but the progress is much more slower than what one would expect because the strong resistance from the academic community who do not wish to change their traditional education system. They have argued on the issue of \u201ctesting for knowledge\u201d instead of \u201ctraining for skills\u201d and the over-relying on tests continues to produce more \u201cBook smart\u201d graduates. Currently China has a significant shortage of experienced managers with business skills to interact with global customers. Although, China has over 5 million graduates from universities each year but the vast majority are NOT employable due to their lack of practical skills.<\/p>\n

According to a recent study by the Everett Institute, Chinese education system is still \u201clocked\u201d into the manufacturing concept where they educated workers to follow a mass-manufacturing process rather than transition to the service delivery model, with knowledge workers who work in team and solve problems. The key disadvantages are the lack of exposure to the business context and the unfamiliar to global business environment. These serious limitations will take China at least several more years to overcome. In the mean time, more aggressive countries such as India, Brazil, Singapore, Malaysia are quickly adopt a much faster approach that meet the industry demands to capture the market.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch C\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef li\u00ean bang M\u0129 Ben Bernanke \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf M\u0129 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2555"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2556,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2555\/revisions\/2556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}