{"id":2542,"date":"2013-07-06T15:47:48","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2542"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:47:48","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:47:48","slug":"cong-nghiep-cntt-nga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2542","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT Nga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m Nga n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao qu\u00e3ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd “qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1t” cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Y2K v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kinh doanh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Sau khi vi\u1ebfng th\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1ea9y m\u01b0\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, t\u00f4i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Nga l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho Nga x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u01afu th\u1ebf then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay Nga l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba, sau \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Nga c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c (Trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng) b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u cao, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gian cho t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ti\u1ec7n nghi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Nga c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cao cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p. Trong cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m n\u0103m 2008, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 “th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.” M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0ng Nga ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c: K\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong n\u0103m 2008, Nga c\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 1.2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, qu\u00e3ng 300,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 20,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nga kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ee1 trung, n\u1eb1m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Moscow hay St Petersburg. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng m\u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u00a0 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u hay \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0Luxoft v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 3,500 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 EPAM, v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 2,000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Nga, Belarus c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Hungary v\u00e0 Ba Lan. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Reksoft, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i St. Petersburg v\u1edbi 600 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n. StarSoft, c\u0169ng \u1edf St. Petersburg v\u00e0 Ukraine v\u1edbi x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c, Telma, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc Nizhny Novgorod, chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean 700 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho Nga b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n c\u1eafp ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0103n c\u1eafp \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua nh\u01b0ng Nga v\u1eabn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0103n c\u1eafp ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c thi h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sao ch\u00e9p tr\u1ed9m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Moscow m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Microsoft nh\u01b0 Window, Offices, v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 v\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4 la. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, CD, DVD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 cho nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n \u1edf Nga nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, truy nh\u1eadp Internet, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o Nga nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nga c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec7n nghi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 truy nh\u1eadp internet v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u1ec7n nghi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nga. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Nga v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf khi so v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. K\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng qui m\u00f4 hay li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian b\u1edfi v\u00ec Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Russia IT industry<\/p>\n

When I first visited Russia in 1996 to conduct a research on software trends, I was impressed about the highly skilled workforce of severalthousand software developers, many have Ph.D.s and Master degree with extensive training in advanced mathematics and physics. Some of them asked me about the opportunity in the outsourcing business. I told them that they were \u201ctoo good\u201d for outsourced works since their talents could be used in something more advanced and complex, not programming or testing for foreign companies. However, they did not agree with me as they continued to explain that their wages were similar to India, much less than Europe and they could compete in this new business. At that time, outsourcing industry was only just begun with the Y2K issue and not many people know about this new business. After visited several software companies and conducted over seventy interviews with developers and managers, I concluded that despite their talents, Russian software industry is under-developed with limited range of services.<\/p>\n

Things have change since then. The new economic conditions and strong government support have created an opportunity for Russia to build its software industry into an international powerhouse. The key advantage that helps them to succeed is a well-educated, well-trained, highly skilled workforce focusing on science, engineering and technology. Russian developers can handle large complex projects based on their strong engineering disciplines. Many are trained to work on complex mathematical algorithms and scientific applications so they differentiate themselves with India, China by focusing more on large, complex outsourced projects. They let customers know that they are NOT a lower priced country but they have better skills.<\/p>\n

Today Russia is the third largest IT outsourcing country, behind India and China. If you look at the value of outsourced contracts, most Russian\u2019s contracts have much larger amount of money than other countries (Average several million dollars per contract) because their works are mostly in the high-end embedded software development, sophisticated applications in heavy industry, aerospace design, and software to manage nuclear facilities. Of course, Russian developers can do a wide range of other types of software too but their wages are high so they do not compete in lower-end market. During a visit in 2008, a government officer told me: \u201cWe do not have as many developers as India and China, but our people are better trained, can work on large, complex problems. We are not a competitor of India or China because we already have our own \u201cspecialized market\u201d where we do high quality and complex outsourced works.” Although ranked as the third largest outsourcing country but Russia only has about 6 percent of the outsourced market. Of course they wants more but it will not be easy because several factors: Small company size, intellectual property problems, infrastructure and the high cost of doing business.<\/p>\n

According to the government information in 2008, Russia has approximately 1.2 million computer science and software engineering graduates. Many are working for government offices or research institutions, about 300,000 work in private IT industry and 20,000 people work in the software outsourcing industry. Russia does not have many large software company as India, most of their companies are medium size, located in Moscow or St Petersburg areas. Some companies also open facilities in foreign countries such Eastern Europe or South East Asia to take advantage of the lower costs there. The largest company is\u00a0Luxoft with over 3,500 workers with several foreign locations, including Vietnam. The second largest is probably EPAM, with over 2,000 employees has several locations in Russia, Belarus as well as Hungary and Poland. There are several smaller outsourced companies with specialized market such as Reksoft, which is based in St. Petersburg with 600 employees and has strong ties to the Swedish market. StarSoft, also in St. Petersburg and the Ukraine with approximately 500 people. Another company, Telma, is located in the science city of Nizhny Novgorod, specializes in telecommunications and embedded software with a workforce of over 700 people.<\/p>\n

Despite their technical strengths, many countries are reluctant to outsource to Russia because the issue of software piracy. Even though piracy rates have decreased in past few years but Russia is still among the worst rated country in term of software piracy. Few years ago, the government has put some strict legal reform to protect intellectual property but the enforcement is not quite strong. You can still buy a lot of pirated\u00a0 software on the street of Moscow easily. During my visit there, I saw a lot of people selling Microsoft products such as Window, Offices, and video games for a few dollars. Of course, CD, DVD and fake products are available everywhere so it is still a major issue that the government must solve to get more business there.<\/p>\n

There are few reports complained about\u00a0the poor infrastructures in Russia such as transportation, roads, office space, electrical supply, Internet access, sewer and water systems and do not recommend Russia as a good place to do business. Personally, I think Russia\u2019s infrastructures is better than India. The difference is most companies in India has their own facilities such as office space, electrical supply and internet access and not rely on public facilities as in Russia. If the government can improve on infrastructure than I think they can get more business there.<\/p>\n

Another weak point is most Russian software companies are still small as compare with India and China. Small size has many risks and large companies are afraid to do business with much smaller companies. I think by scaling up or consolidating several smaller ones into larger company would be better for global business. However, with their strong technical strengths, I think it is a matter of time before Russia can compete directly with India and China on the software outsourcing market.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m Nga n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2542"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2543,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2542\/revisions\/2543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}