{"id":2539,"date":"2013-07-06T15:28:52","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2539"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:28:52","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:28:52","slug":"doi-thoai-khac-o-trung-quoc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2539","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trong khi kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00ean cao m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trung b\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfm qu\u00e3ng $350 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $310 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng m\u1ea5t 4 n\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ra h\u01a1n v\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4 la so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean qu\u00e3ng b\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n nghi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i, c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n h\u01a1n n\u01a1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 30% so v\u1edbi M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kinh doanh t\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u01a1n l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edbng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh. \u00d4ng ta gi\u1eadn d\u1eef: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u01b0u t\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u01b0u t\u00fa r\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u00e0m suy \u0111\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u t\u00fa n\u01a1i h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean. B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o \u201cd\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam cho thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u1eef h\u1ecd b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi n\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111ang d\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eadn th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c: \u201cV\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1edf ra \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 “Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng” nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u01b0 k\u00ed, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v.v. Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 KH\u00d4NG y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG t\u1ed1t cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 trong kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i d\u1eebng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. V\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c\u201d n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf M\u0129 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m tra thi c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o tri th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb thay v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c k\u00ec thi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. B\u1edfi v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. T\u1eeb c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, tr\u1ebb con \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t trong k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb, n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd “b\u1ecb kho\u00e1\u00a0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu” kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i “tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 canh t\u00e2n hay ph\u00e1t minh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Sinh vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch sao ch\u00e9p, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111i theo, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t minh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong khu v\u1ef1c CNTT, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG gi\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hay gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ai \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao trong nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng nhanh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang co l\u1ea1i do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Mi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, B\u0103ng la d\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0o. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u00e0i \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Another conversation in China<\/p>\n

Last week I was teaching in China and a college professor told me that while China\u2019s economy is growing strong, the number of unemployment among college graduates is also reaching all time high and it poses a serious problem. He said: \u201cToday the average college educated earns about $350 dollars a month but an uneducated labor worker also makes $310 dollars a month. To many college students, it is NOT worth to invest in higher education anymore. Can you imagine spending 4 years in college than only making few dollars more than someone with limited education? \u201d<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cFor many years, our government is pushing education as a priority so college enrollment has increased about seven times in the past ten years. Our universities graduate about six million students a year but there is no plan for supporting them with better jobs. Everything in China is still focusing on building more manufacturing facilities, freeways, bridges, and infrastructures where labor workers are needed. Because we can build product at least 30% cheaper than in the U.S or Europe so export manufactured products is a good business. More export makes our economy stronger and it\u00a0 requires more labor workers. As the demand continues to grow, the wages of labor workers continues to increase and reach all time high this year. However, there are limited works for college graduates, their wages remain flat and eventually a college degree is worthless in this labor-oriented job market. If this situation continues, we will be a country of labor workers and nothing else\u201d.<\/p>\n

When I asked another friend, who owns a software company in Beijing. He was angry: \u201cThe problem is NOT the job market but the disorder in the education system. The current higher education system is based on a hierarchical with few elite universities on top and many local universities at the lower position. The elite universities are very selective and have limited enrollment but local universities must accommodate many students to meet government\u2019s quota. Elite universities receive strong government supports for research but local universities are left to rely on local government\u2019s supports. This unbalanced view led to the deterioration of the education system. Today there is a severe shortage of qualified professors. Good professors go to elite schools where they enjoy better salaries, better funding for research, and limited number of students in classes. Local universities have to hire whoever they can get to teach in large classrooms with many students. Because of the lower wages, many professors have to teach at more than one school which exhaust them. Some have to engage in \u201cprivate tutoring\u201d to supplement their incomes and these activities keep them so busy so they are always behind the technology trend. Local universities have NO incentive to improve current training so professors are teaching the same things they learned many years ago, which are already obsolete. My company needs software engineers but local universities only produce programmers and testers. I have asked them to change their trainings so I can hire their students but they could not change because everybody is so busy. The elite schools have better students but the number of graduates are limited. Most demand better salaries and prefer to work for foreign companies where they can work oversea. The problem in China today is there are many good jobs but few qualify. It is NOT the job market but the problem is with the education system.\u201d<\/p>\n

A friend who worked in an import\/export business has different opinion: \u201cWith many foreign companies opening offices in China, most local universities favor \u201cOffice training programs\u201d such as accounting, administration, international commerce, clerical, secretary, and foreign language interpreters etc. These programs require modest resources, easy to find teachers, easy to teach, and they attract more students so they are profitable. Students can find jobs easily although wages are low. Basically, this kind of job market really do NOT require college education and it is NOT good for China\u2019s future as these jobs are depending too much on foreign companies. Few years ago, we experienced that situation during the financial crisis when foreign companies stopped hiring and laid-off workers, suddenly there were million of unemployed workers in a matter of few months. With the global market developing, China should develop \u201cKnowledge workers\u201d where we do NOT depend on foreigners but can position ourselves globally. As a country, we should look further to the future rather than react to the current job market. We must focus more on science and technology to find better opportunities for our students where there are great demand for their knowledge and skills. Today we have several million college graduates whom cannot find jobs. We have million college graduates who are working in areas that do not require college degrees, many are making no more than labor workers. At the same time, there are a lot of good jobs but few qualify. Basically it is the problem of long term planning versus short term gain,\u201d<\/p>\n

Another friend who was educated in the U.S but returned home to teach at a national university explained: \u201cThe problem is about the past and the present. The current education system is still focusing on the past which used tests to measure knowledge. It was invented thousand years ago to select government officials for the emperor. However, overtime it evolved into a system where one is tested for their memorization instead. The College Entrance Exam is a good example of this archaic principle as it determines which college students can attend and what kind of field they can study. Because of this old tradition, students, parents, and teachers are focusing on how to get good grades and passing tests rather than developing skills. Since very young age, children are taught to memorize things so they can get good grades in tests. The result is that many college graduates have high grades but low skills, they have good grades in school but do not know how to apply them at work. For many years of learning by memorization, their brains are \u201clocked into a pattern\u201d that do not allow them to think of anything but \u201cBook-knowledge\u201d. This is why there are limited innovations or inventions in China even the government has spent billion dollars for research and development. Chinese students know how to copy, know how to follow, know how to improve existing things but cannot invent new things. That is why in the IT area, most students are good at programming and testing but NOT good at designing, architecting or helping customers to solve problems. When foreign companies move to China, most are having difficult time finding qualified workers. Chinese companies also reported that lacking of qualified workers was the biggest barrier to their expansion to global market. Unless the education system can be improved quickly by adapting a new learning system and abandon the excessive testing of the past, thing will NOT improve. However, it will be very difficult for a country with thousand years of tradition\u201d.<\/p>\n

I mentioned that to a friend who works for government. He said: \u201cOf course, there are many opinions from different views. The issue is NOT about who is correct as they all have good insights but you have to understand that globalization is a new thing and needs further investigation and we should not hurry to draw conclusion. We know about the high unemployment among college graduates but we cannot focus on a few and ignore the mass. The demand for labor workers is rising fast but our labor workforce is shrinking due to the policy of one child per family. Sometime in the near future we will NOT have enough labor workers, especially at the lower level positions and the bottom end of the wages. We will have to bring in more workers from Vietnam, Burma, Bangladesh and other nearby countries. The problem is that we are so successful, our economy is growing fast and we cannot solve all problems so we must focus on a few higher priority\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trong khi kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2539"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2541,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539\/revisions\/2541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}