{"id":2531,"date":"2013-07-06T15:13:52","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:13:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2531"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:13:52","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:13:52","slug":"du-an-phan-mem-thanh-cong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2531","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, trong chi ph\u00ed, c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5 d\u00e0nh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed. Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1eadm (c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n) n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i chi th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SRS) v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u “ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng suy d\u1eabn” m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i chi th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5 cho ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o “kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i” nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi \u00edt l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao “\u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, trong chi ph\u00ed” th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 g\u1eedi n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra bao nhi\u00eau gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong kinh doanh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? N\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau? Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m KH\u00d4NG quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong SRS cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta”. T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3, th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m k\u00e9m. D\u00f9 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00ed do n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u00ed do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, th\u1eed \u0111o\u00e1n xem h\u1ecd s\u1ebd trao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho ai?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sucessful software project<\/p>\n

A student asked me: How do you know if a software project is successful or not? If the software run well, is it successful? If the code passes all tests is it successful?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: A software project is successful if it is delivered to customers on time, within cost, has all functions required by the customer, has low defects, and it provides value to customer. Time and cost are related to each other. The time the team spends on the project is also big part of the cost. The other is the labor cost and if the project needs more people than it was planned for than it will cost much more. If the project is late (Need more time) than it will cost more. Of course either the customer will have to pay more for it or the company will have to come up with additional money.<\/p>\n

The software must have all functions that the customer asks for in the software requirements specification (SRS) and more because there are many \u201cderived functions\u201d that the team comes up with in addition to the required functions to make the final product works better. Of course, it may cost more as the team has to spend extra time for them. No software has \u201czero defect\u201d but there is a clear difference between software that works, with few defects that can be fixed and software that has so many defects that take much more time and efforts and maybe unusable. Even software that is delivered “on time, within cost” is not actually finished when it is delivered to customer and it is the customer will have to find the missing functions and send it back to be fixed.<\/p>\n

The critical issue is: Are customer using it? How much value is it producing in customer\u2019s business? How much it help the customer solve the problems? Many software people do NOT care about the value issue because this is not documented in the SRS so it is \u201cnot our problem\u201d. Software team creates it, and it works, so if they do not use it, then that is their problem, not ours. This is NOT a good way to achieve customer\u2019s satisfaction because software team need to understand why the software is not being used? Maybe it is too difficult to use? Then it is a usability issue. Perhaps the way customer document the requirements is NOT good so the software cannot solve the problem. Then it is a Poor requirements elicitation issue. Whatever the reason, if the software is NOT being used, it has no value and if you are a professional software developer, you will find out the reason and propose a solution to make sure that the customer will be totally satisfies. If the customer is happy, guess who do they will give the next project to?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2531"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2532,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2531\/revisions\/2532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}