{"id":2527,"date":"2013-07-06T15:10:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:10:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2527"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:10:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:10:42","slug":"vong-doi-kiem-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2527","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tu\u00e2n theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi pha c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong pha l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Requirements Specification (SRS). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Test Plan (STP) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho ph\u1ea1m vi, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Trong pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (SRS) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (STP) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi cho t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 hai t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Trong pha thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft cho b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ch\u00fang. T\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, d\u1ef1ng k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Trong pha vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SRS) ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed an ninh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed g\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v.v..<\/p>\n

Trong pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed g\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1edbi (N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i. T\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Sau khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong pha n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho n\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u1ea7n sau. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Testing life cycle<\/p>\n

Several of you have asked me about testing and its relationship to the software development life cycle. Basically testing follows a life cycle that corresponds to every phase of the development life cycle.<\/p>\n

During the project planning phase, the project manager must decide what things to be tested based on the Software Requirements Specification (SRS). This is the time where the test leader and the project manager work together to create the Software Test Plan (STP) that describe the scope, the testing framework, test method, test schedule, function to be tested or not tested, what types of test to be done at different phases of the life cycle, the environment for testing, and the assignment for each tester.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

During the requirement phase, test team members must review the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) and the Software Test Plan (STP) to make sure that they understand the requirements and what should be tested. They will add more details to the Software Test Plan to make sure that they have covered all functions that must be tested. After completed, the revised Software Test Plan will be sent to the development team for review to ensure the correctness, completeness of the plan. Both teams will discuss information regarding project schedule and coordinate development activities with the test activities. This is important since both developers and testers must work together on test cases, test data, test scripts as well as any additional tests to make sure that the final product will meet customer\u2019s requirement. The revised Software Test Plan will also be sent to customer for review and approval. Once approved, it means that if all tests pass, the software product meets the customer\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n

During the software design phase, as developers put more details into the design, testers must work with developers to add more details to the test plan and test cases. They have to determine which tests can be automated and which one must be done manually. This is also the time to identify any risk issues and plan to mitigate them. Test team must define test data for each test case, build the test scripts for all automated tests and revise testing schedule, if needed.<\/p>\n

In the coding phase, as developers working on their codes and prepare their tests (Unit tests and Functional tests), testers must also complete all their test cases, test scripts, test drivers and other additional tests as required in the Software requirement specification (SRS) for example, Security test, Stress test, Smoke test, and Performance test etc.<\/p>\n

In the testing phase, after the developers complete their unit tests and functional tests. Test team must execute all remaining tests including stress and performance test cases, all results must be documented such as number of defects, number of tests passes or failed, status of defects, if needed testers must also revise test cases or add new tests cases (If there are requirements changes or code changes) and retesting test cases and perform regressing tests. Test team must also prepare for acceptance tests conducted in customer\u2019s environment as well as anything that must be verified.<\/p>\n

After the project is completed, the test team must evaluate all testing activities, testing process and plan for future improvement. In this phase, the test team will analyze its testing process and document good things and bad things. They must make sure that if they made any mistake, it will not be repeat in future projects. No project is perfect, no test is perfect so there always be opportunity for improvement and the more they can improve, the better they would do next time. Testing is an important function of any good software organization and having better testing team, the better quality product can be expected.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u1ec1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2527"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2528,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2527\/revisions\/2528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}