{"id":2523,"date":"2013-07-06T15:08:41","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2523"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:08:41","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:08:41","slug":"cach-do-va-do-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2523","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1ch \u0111o hay \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: S\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n (SLOC). \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 (KSLOC). Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y hai hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o v\u00e0 hai hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, 10 l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 40 l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n (SLOC). K\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. D\u00f2ng m\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfm ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch cho khi n\u00f3 d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n qua c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfm k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0o pha s\u1edbm ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi-gi\u1edd d\u00e0nh cho pha c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi-gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 80 ng\u01b0\u1eddi- gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng k\u00e9m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra trong t\u1eebng pha, hay s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i trong t\u1eebng ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1edbm trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Measure and metric<\/p>\n

I received an email where the sender wrote: \u201cWhat is the difference between a measure and a metric and how many software measure or metric are there?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: By definition a measure is a standard or unit of measurement for example: Number of defects, number of source lines of code (SLOC). A metric is a calculated indicator based on two or more measures. For example,\u00a0 a number of defects per thousand lines of code (KSLOC). As you can see two or more measures make up a metric and two or more metrics provides you the information. For example, 10 defects per thousand lines of code is better than 40 defects per thousand lines of code.<\/p>\n

There are many measures and metrics, probably hundred of them but there are few common measures in software project such as Size, Effort, and Quality. Size is the amount of software a project develops such as number of source lines of code (SLOC). Size can also be measured by Function points or number of functionality. Lines of code is simple, easy to use but each project must clearly defines how to count them consistently. For example the number compiler gives when it compiles a program. Function points are better in some applications because the number is more consistent across languages and it is easy to count the size of the project at the early phase even before coding.<\/p>\n

Effort is the amount of work for one person required to perform a task. For example, the number of man-hours spent per phase of software. For example, a project has one person working five days to complete a design activity has an effort of 40 man-hours. If it has two people working five days to complete the design activity than the effort would be 80 man-hours.<\/p>\n

Quality has several definitions, depends on the type of project and by the customers or the project manager. Some people consider quality is the number of defects in the product, the more defects the less quality. For example the number of defects found in each phase, or number of defects in each thousand line of code. Other people defines quality as how easy to use the product, the easy users can use the product the better quality. Because each people sees quality differently, it is very important to clarify the definition by document early in the project plan what do you mean by quality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1ch \u0111o … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2523"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2524,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2523\/revisions\/2524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}