{"id":2521,"date":"2013-07-06T15:07:45","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2521"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:07:45","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:07:45","slug":"uu-tien-cho-nguoi-quan-li-du-an-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2521","title":{"rendered":"\u01afu ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong khi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf qua nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. \u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay “\u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i”. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c\u00a0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1 t\u00ednh (c\u00e1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 hay th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 do vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5) hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1ed5 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t (l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra l\u1ec7nh cho h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 tham gia v\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau n\u01a1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 khung th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. L\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay “\u0111\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh”. \u01afu ti\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111am m\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1ea5y “l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft” b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao, tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1eddng minh b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u1ea1n v\u00ec th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ti. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n. Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ai \u0111\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho b\u1ea1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Priorities for software Project Manager<\/p>\n

Most project managers are trained to focus on the schedule but in my experience, perhaps the most important thing is about setting project priorities. While the schedule maybe important but without understand the priorities, you may NOT be able to achieve the schedule dateline. I have seen many project managers focus only on the schedule but ignore the needs of their own project team and in the end, they meet the schedule but their software products are full of defects and NOT have all functions that their customers request.<\/p>\n

Experienced project managers understand project priorities and always act according to them. The first priority is to focus on the project team or \u201cinternal facing\u201d. The reason is simple, it is the project team that do all the works and the success or failure of the project is depending on the team. What the project team need are directions and guidance so it is important that project managers communicate the project goals and direction clearly at the beginning of the project and frequently remind them during weekly team meetings. Project managers must monitor the team activities on a daily basis to make sure that there is no conflict among team members. If there is any then project managers must resolve them as quickly as possible. No matter how good people is trained on teamwork, there are always conflicts among team members. Some are personality types (Aggressive and passive personality), some are roles and responsibilities (Some people have tendency to interfere into others\u2019 works) and some are common issues such as not have adequate resources (People or tools) or not have enough technical guidance to do works. Project managers must make clear to the team that he is there to help them, to support them and always available to them. The project manager job is to coordinate activities, to guide the team to achieve the project goals. Basically, the project managers work for the team and NOT vice versa.<\/p>\n

The second priority is to satisfy your customers or \u201cexternal facing\u201d. Experienced project managers understand that they no longer develop the software but actually it is the project team\u2019s job. The only way to satisfy the customer is to create an environment that allow the project team to meet the needs of customers. Basically, this priority is similar to the first priority which emphasizes that the job of the project managers is to help the team to do their works effectively and efficiently to achieve customer satisfaction. What the team needs is adequate time to do their works so project managers must know how long it takes to complete the project by having good estimates (Schedule and efforts) and negotiate with the customer for a reasonable schedule. The question is how to have good estimates? Of course, project managers must know how to estimate the time and efforts either by go to training course or by experiences. However, it is also important that project managers work with the project team on these estimates. By having the team participates in the estimation effort, the managers can avoid the issue of order them to follow something that they do not have any inputs. By having the team to participate, the manager creates a working together environment where the result is a collective effort. Only by having good estimates, the project manager can confidently negotiates with the customer on a reasonable time frame that both sides would agree. A reasonable schedule does not guarantee a successful project but it reduces a lot of project risks as the number one problem of most software projects is the unreasonable schedule.<\/p>\n

The third priority is to focus on your own or \u201cinward facing\u201d. This priority is about the passion, the motivation, the knowledge and skills of the project manager himself. As project manager, you have responsibility to your team, to your company, and to your customer so you must know yourself and your strengths and weaknesses. You must provide the leadership to your team. You must understand your company business, and you must know how to build relationship with customers. Of course that is NOT easy but as project manager, you must achieve all of them before you can move up to the next step. I have seen many project managers taking \u201cShort cut\u201d by focus on pleasing senior managers, attending management meetings, spent more time with higher level managers to get recognized and hope that they will be selected when promotion time comes. That is NOT a good move because it conflicts with the other priorities. Explicitly do whatever you can to please your own managers should be your lowest priority. Your higher level managers will be pleased if you are successful at your own project and achieve both your customer\u2019s satisfaction and your team\u2019s respect. You must fulfill your responsibilities of your job by focus on supporting your team and your customer and NOT focus your energy to satisfy those above you for your own advancement.<\/p>\n

The fourth priority is to focus on sharing and promoting knowledge and skills. Although it is the responsibility of the individual to continuously learning, individual learning alone cannot help a project or a company. To be competitive, a good company must provide the opportunity for everybody to learn and to improve the technical knowledge. Technology changes often and a good company must have the talents and skills to innovate. People must be encouraged to ask questions and mistakes are recognized as a part of learning and that is the best way to grow a company. As project manager, you should focus on encouraging your people to continuously learning by provide additional trainings and follows up to make sure that the goals are being met. All team members are encouraged to have their own personal learning plan. A company’s ability to improve is in direct proportion to its ability to learn. A company that cannot learn cannot improve and company that cannot improve cannot grow and cannot compete.<\/p>\n

The fifth priority is to focus on training your replacement. As you improve your career as project manager you should also encourage someone to replace you. Your success, indeed your advancement to better position is really depending on having someone to back you up, to support you, and nothing is better than training your replacement as you are preparing to move to the next higher position. Your success in managing projects, your success in achieve customer\u2019s satisfaction, your success in gaining respect of team members, your success in promoting continuous learning will get you noticed and opportunity will come but you must be readied and nothing is better than understand and fulfill all priorities.<\/p>\n

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