{"id":2517,"date":"2013-07-06T15:05:24","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:05:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2517"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:05:24","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:05:24","slug":"mot-dong-ma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2517","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Configuration Management (SCM). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (Fortran 4 v\u00e0 Cobol). Khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. Trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn (v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la) \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ebft. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecf sang t\u00e1i xanh khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1eadn d\u1eef h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Sao n\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i? C\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a?\u201d Sau v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n cho ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn ch\u1ebft cho n\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ecf \u0111i kh\u00f4ng k\u00ed s\u00e9c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00ecm cho ra ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u00e0 lo v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n: \u201cAi \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7?\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u im re v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u00f4i gi\u01a1 tay l\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01b0a \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u00eam qua.\u201d T\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m khi nhi\u1ec1u con m\u1eaft gi\u1eadn d\u1eef nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129: \u201cCh\u1ea5m h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m hai tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1eddi to: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e1n ra r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi v\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh!\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i cho d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4t m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 r\u00fat cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 s\u00e9c ra. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t cho c\u1eadu, \u0111i h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu c\u1eadu c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 SCM trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SCM) l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho n\u00ean SCM n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh SCM bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh: Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh; gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 SCM l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. SCM c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, SCM ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, sau g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

One line of code<\/p>\n

When I was a computer science student, I never learned about Software Configuration Management (SCM). It was not taught in school because there was no course about it. At that time, the computer training was mostly on mathematics, algorithms, and programming languages (Fortran 4 and Cobol). When I started on my first job, I made a major mistake by changing one line of code in a software before it was released to the customer. Of course, the software was previously fully tested so managers were very confident that there should not be any problem. During the acceptance test where customer executed the software and ready to pay the company a large amount of money (Several hundred thousand dollars) suddenly the software crashed. I still remembered the face of my manager turning from red to blue as he tried to explain to his senior managers. I also saw the customer angrily asked: \u201cWhat is the meaning of this? Why did it stop? Did you really test this software?\u201d. After several restarts, the software still crashed so the customer left without signing the payment check and senior managers told my manager: \u201cFind out who did it and take care of it.\u201d.<\/p>\n

After most people left the room, my manager asked the project team: \u201cWho tampered with the fully tested software?\u201d Of course, all members were quiet as they did not even believe that it could happen. I raised my hand: \u201cSir, I only change one line of code last night\u201d. I still remembered the guilty feeling as many angry eyes looked at me. I thought: \u201cThis is the end of my job as I just started only two weeks ago\u201d. Suddenly my manager laughed aloud: \u201cI should have guessed, it must be the new engineer as he know nothing about configuration management!\u201d He asked me about the one line of code that I changed and immediately corrected it then compiled the software. He then called the senior manager and to my surprise, he said: \u201cSir, we found out the problem, it was a small hardware circuit and it has nothing to do with our high quality software\u201d. The next day, the customer was invited back and after witnessed the acceptance tests several time, he was pleased and pull out his checkbook. I noticed that everybody was happy. At the end of the day, my manager called me to his office: \u201cThis is your punishment, go take a course in software configuration management immediately if you want to keep your job\u201d. I was sent to a special training school to learn SCM for one week.<\/p>\n

I learned that Software Configuration Management (SCM) is the process of identifying, organizing, and controlling changes to the software. Because software changes often so SCM should be applied to the entire software development life cycle. Typically SCM consists of four major functional areas: Configuration Identification; Configuration Control; Configuration Status Accounting; and Configuration Auditing. The job of SCM is to identify what software components are important to the project and control changes to them to ensure the integrity of the software product. SCM also check for the status of these components to assure that they are being properly accounted for. Finally, SCM also conduct audits to make sure that all previous activities are being performed according to the organization\u2019s defined process.<\/p>\n

Even today, after almost forty years, I still remember about my first mistake of changing just one line of code. Of course, now I know that even one small change, one line of code change can make the difference between success and failure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Configuration Management (SCM). … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2517"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2518,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517\/revisions\/2518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}