{"id":2507,"date":"2013-07-06T15:00:11","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2507"},"modified":"2013-07-06T15:00:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T08:00:11","slug":"phan-mem-he-thong-va-nguoi-thang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2507","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi-th\u00e1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi-th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3?”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh (m\u00e3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ki\u1ec3u: ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v.v. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch, tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea1p, tr\u00ecnh m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i, tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i v.v.)<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ra ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 8 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi-tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 8 gi\u1edd X 5 ng\u00e0y = 40 gi\u1edd. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 4 tu\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi-th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 40 gi\u1edd x 4 = 160 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong 6 th\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi-th\u00e1ng hay 6 X 160 gi\u1edd = 960 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 cho 160 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi-th\u00e1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n 1920 gi\u1edd th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi-th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software, System and man-month<\/p>\n

I received an email where the sender wrote: \u201cWhat is the difference between a software program and a software product? What is the difference between a system software and a software system? What is a man-month in software project and how do you calculate it?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: A software program is a set of instructions (Codes) created by developers to performs something. A Software product is a program that being developed according to a documented requirements to perform certain functions, it must be fully tested to run in certain environment.<\/p>\n

Software is generally divided into two types: Applications software and Systems software. Applications software is a software product designed for users to use for a specific purpose such as word processors, database systems, finance. etc. System software is a software product that manage the computer resources at the low level, such as the operating system and utility programs (Compilers, loaders, linkers, debuggers etc.)<\/p>\n

A Software system is a collection of several interacting programs (Applications and System software) designed for a specific purpose. In the Software system, all inputs and outputs must follow certain rules of syntax, semantics to make sure that they all work together consistently and all components must be tested with each others to make sure that they are fully integrated. To design a Software system, you must start with a system architect to define all components and their interactions.<\/p>\n

A man month is the number of hours a person can work in a month. Typically, people works 8 hours a day and five day a week so a man-week is 8 hours X 5 days = 40 hours. There is usually 4 weeks in a month so a man-month is 40 hours x 4 = 160 hours.<\/p>\n

If the project is estimated to be completed in 6 months with only one person than the estimate would be six man-month or 6 X 160 hours = 960 hours.<\/p>\n

For every project, if you come up with the number of hours needed to complete the work, you can divide that number to 160 than you have the number of man-month. For example, if it need 1920 hours than it is a 12 man-month work.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2507"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2508,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2507\/revisions\/2508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}