{"id":2486,"date":"2013-07-06T14:47:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T07:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2486"},"modified":"2013-07-06T14:47:10","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T07:47:10","slug":"qui-trinh-don-gian-cho-du-an-nho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2486","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4m qua, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd em mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a em. Em c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 em \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua. Em c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho em. Em l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a em b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti. Em c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec em ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “v\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n”, em kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i n\u00f3i. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh ti\u1ebfng cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. Trong khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u00e1n s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n, t\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng Microsoft Word hay Excel cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anh ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi v\u1edbi Window 7 v\u00e0 Microsoft Office n\u1ea1p s\u1eb5n cho n\u00eam em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u00ed h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anh ta g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u00fd hay l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile, em bi\u1ebft \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Scrum.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chia y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c (WBS). B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n giao. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile d\u00f9ng Scrum, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat Sprint (2-4 tu\u1ea7n). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Microsoft\u2019s Excel \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 “Project” c\u1ee7a Microsoft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u201cBugzilla\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, nh\u1eefng n\u00e2ng cao, hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Bugzilla l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Anh ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cEm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a em b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 trong Agile l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft “Scrum\u201d, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o. V\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Scrum, c\u00f3 ba vai tr\u00f2: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Th\u1ea7y Scrum ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Scrum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anh ta g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cV\u00e2ng, em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o em c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti l\u00ean. G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n sai, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m sao “Ki\u1ec3m v\u00e0o” c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 “Ki\u1ec3m ra” khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba,\u00a0khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u00f5 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201cM\u1edf\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00f3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 “ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf” nh\u01b0 CVS cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1eeaNG BAO GI\u1edc th\u1eed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cEm bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1edb vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cT\u00f4i vui l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00eam sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i. L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Scrum, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. B\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea7n mua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, hay tinh vi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi ch\u00fang t\u1edbi. T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung, bi\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A simple process for small project<\/p>\n

Yesterday, a student who graduated few years ago came to see me. He said: \u201cI have worked for a large software company for several years, now I would like to start my own company. I have enough experiences and some money that I saved in the past few years. I also have several developers who are willing to work for me. I plan to start my company by doing small projects and gradually grow the company. I need your advice to set up a good process to develop quality software at the lowest cost possible. Since I only have \u201climited capital\u201d, I do not want to waste it. Do you think it could be done?\u201d.<\/p>\n

After thinking for awhile, I told him: \u201cIt is good to start with small projects. If you have skilled developers, you have better chance to succeed and build the reputation for your company. Starting small can also save money because if you make mistakes it will not be disastrous and you could recover. Most people often start companies by focus on the technical aspect. That is NOT a good idea. As the owner of the company, you must focus on the customer first. Your priority must start with having customers and understand their requirements. This is your job because failing to understand customer\u2019s needs and not meeting customer\u2019s expectation are the main causes for business failure. You must contact customers, obtain requirements, analyze and document them carefully. You must verify with customers to make sure that you understand the requirements and their expectations well. The customer must approve the requirements document before you start to do any work. While there are many commercial off-the-shelf requirements tools available, to save money, I suggest that you use Microsoft Word or Excel for your requirements document\u201d.<\/p>\n

He agreed: \u201cThat is easy, most computers came with pre-loaded Window 7 and Microsoft Office so I would not have to spend extra money\u201d.<\/p>\n

I continued: \u201cIf the customer approves the requirements and signs contract then you can start the project. For small projects you should use Agile development approach because it is less riskier than other methods. You can avoid the risk of frequent requirements change that often happen in the industry.\u201d<\/p>\n

He nodded: \u201cIt is a good idea to use the Agile approach, I know the \u201cScrum method\u201d.<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cIn that case, you must breakdown requirements into smaller tasks using the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) technique. You need to estimate the work to be done, assign them to your developers and determine the delivery date. For Agile approach using Scrum, you must determine the works required for each Sprint (2-4 weeks). You can use Microsoft\u2019s Excel to plan the works and document all tasks. If you have larger project, you may use Microsoft\u2019s \u201cProject\u201d tool. This will allow you to do some re-planning in case of requirements change or if the customer decides to change some functionalities at the last minute. You also can use the \u201cBugzilla\u201d tool to track and record defects, enhancements, or requirements changes. Bugzilla is a popular choice among software developers and it is easy to use with minimum training.<\/p>\n

He agreed: \u201cI can get those tools and have my developers start to use them\u201d.<\/p>\n

I continued: \u201cTeamwork in Agile is very important. Before starting the project you must train all developers on how to work in team. Even they may already know \u201cScrum\u201d, you still need to remind them about the approach and their roles to make sure there is no misunderstanding. On Scrum project, there are three roles: The product owner who is responsible for the business aspects of the project and make decisions about the product. The Scrum Master who manages the development process, helping developers work together, facilitating meetings and tracking progress and issues. The development team who build the product by working together to achieve the project\u2019s goals. Since your projects are small, you should assume both the Product owner and Scrum master roles\u201d.<\/p>\n

He nodded: \u201cYes, I cannot afford to have more people until I can grow the company. Your suggestion is very reasonable\u201d.<\/p>\n

I continued: \u201cIt is important to set up the separation of development environment, testing environment, and production environment early to avoid any mix up of works. This is a simple concept but I have seen many small companies made mistakes and mixed up their works with wrong versions, tested software with untested software, so I think it is worth mentioning to you. You must establish a source control system to facilitate the development process and archive all complete works. Software Configuration Management is important because as small company, you may not have strong control process and designated people to perform the role of configuration management. All developers must understand the basic of how to \u201cCheck-in\u201d their works and \u201cCheck-out\u201d when they are done to avoid redundancy,\u00a0 when they make change to the software. While there are several tools available, you can still use manual method by have developers type in task number status such as \u201cOpen\u201d, \u201cClose\u201d and \u201cAssigned\u201d so people can track changes easily. To save money, you may consider to use \u201copen source\u201d tool like CVS for configuration management. As small company, you do not want to buy expensive tools but NEVER try to save money by reducing trainings. To succeed you must focus on improving the skills of your developers with additional trainings as technology often changes\u201d.<\/p>\n

He said: \u201cI always remember your teaching from many years ago, continuous learning is the key to success in this area\u201d.<\/p>\n

I concluded: \u201cI am glad that you remember that. The rest of the development process is simple. For each project, you will have daily meeting to assign works to developers as you build the software on a daily basis. You will have your developers code, perform unit tests, create test cases and automated tests to run every night after the daily software built and check for defects. As Scrum Master, you must monitor progress on daily basis, check for defects and have them fixed and make sure everybody is doing their assigned tasks accordingly. If you control this simple development process well than you can expect high quality product. You do NOT need to buy a lot of tools, you do NOT need to spend money on anything extra, the important factor is having a simple process that everybody understand and commit to follow it for their works. A quality process does NOT have to be complex, or sophisticated but it must be understood by all developers. The key to succeed in Agile approach is NOT technical but teamwork and communication. You must encourage people to discuss issues, support each other and willing to solve problems when they come. The team must have shared goals, know their roles and responsibilities and follow an ethical and quality process to support the company to achieve customer\u2019s satisfaction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4m qua, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2486"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2487,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2486\/revisions\/2487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}