{"id":2482,"date":"2013-07-06T14:45:01","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T07:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2482"},"modified":"2013-07-06T14:45:01","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T07:45:01","slug":"tai-sao-hoc-cong-nghe-tinh-toan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2482","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y c\u1ed5 v\u0169 h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n? Con g\u00e1i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 n\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin cung c\u1ea5p ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o cho sinh vi\u00ean. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ec9 \u1edf M\u0129 m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u0129 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 $80.600 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 an ninh, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $98.200 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. So v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 4 n\u0103m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 $9,380 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 2 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $12,800 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean gi\u1eefa $12,500 t\u1edbi $14,600 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ef3 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1eeb \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c t\u1edbi phim \u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb TV t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 \u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129\u201d vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u201ck\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ec1 y, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tin c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cao v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi laptop, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, v\u00e0 internet cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Theo nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf M\u0129, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. S\u1edf Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2016 khi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 1.81 tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129. Do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, M\u0129 ph\u1ea3i “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” 80,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m theo visa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (H1B) v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p “di d\u00e2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng” cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2u, c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may, tr\u00ean 70% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 “ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi “c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u00a0V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai khu v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

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  1. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong>. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf xa v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy logic cho nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
  2. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c th\u00eam nh\u01b0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111em c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.\u00a0K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m SE h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    2. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (MIS) hay Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong> (ISM): Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u00edt v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
    3. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/em>. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (CAD). Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1.<\/li>\n
    4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c website v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u00a0Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n website, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Sinh tin h\u1ecdc: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb sinh h\u1ecdc, sinh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
      2. Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sinh h\u1ecdc: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, sinh h\u1ecdc, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh ho\u00e1, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1eadc ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n
      3. Tin h\u1ecdc y v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1, l\u1eefu gi\u1eef, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1eefa n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa cung c\u1ea5p trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        —-English version—-<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Why study Computing Technology ?<\/p>\n

        A mother asked me: \u201cWhy do you encourage the study of computing technology? My daughter will graduate from high school this year and she is interested in technology area. What are her choices?”<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Answer: Computing and Information Technology offer excellent careers to\u00a0students. In my opinion, it is a very-well paid profession NOT just in the U.S but in every country. The average salary in the U.S for a bachelor degree is $80.600 a year. Students with specialization in security, large scale integration, and embedded software can get $98.200 a year. Comparing the average salaries of other degrees, this field pays much higher wages for a 4 years investment in college. In China, the average salary for bachelor degree in software area is $9,380 a year. For people with 2 years experiences, the average salary is about $12,800 a year. In India, the entry level for developers with a bachelor degree varies between $12,500 to $14,600 a year depending on the school and location.<\/p>\n

        Computer and information technology is part of many things that impact our society today. From music to movies, from TV to phones, from the ways local businesses work to global import and export systems where products and services are exchanged between countries. Almost every field, everything use information technology and the need is still increasing. According to the survey of \u201cThe best jobs in America\u201d the number one job is \u201cSoftware Engineering\u201d ahead of Medicine, Pharmacy, Laws and Business. Most people believe computing related jobs offer high rewarding and stable employment for all people regardless where they live. Today younger generations are growing up with technology and familiar with laptops, smart phones, and internet so they see them as tools that they can use rather than something intimidate them. They believe that having degrees in this area will provide them with knowledge and problem-solving skills that will give them competitive advantage in the globalized world. The future job opportunities of this field are endless.<\/p>\n

        According to recent studies, there are more computing jobs than qualified people to fill them in the U.S., Europe, and some countries in Asia. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics stated that computing related job has the greatest potential through 2016 when a total of 1.81 million software engineers will be needed in the U.S alone. Due to the current shortage, The U.S has to \u201cImport\u201d 80,000 software developers each year on special visas (H1B) to work in the U.S. Many countries in Western Europe also allow \u201ceasy immigration\u201d for people with technology skilled from Eastern European countries, to come and work there. In recent years, both Indian and Chinese government have pushed for more training of computer related skills. In combination, they graduate over a million software developers each year but unfortunately, over 70% of them do NOT qualify to work even in their own countries. The main reasons are their \u201cslow to change\u201d archaic education systems and the government quotas to have more students graduated in this field. Without careful selection for entry, without adequate trainings, many graduates do not even have the basic skills to work in industry and resulting in very high number of \u201cEducated\u201d people without jobs. Although there are government\u2019s sponsored education improvement programs but the progress has been slow due to the resistance to change from the academic community, the lack of qualified professors, and the difficult to update training programs to meet the needs of the industry.<\/p>\n

        Several years ago, most colleges only offer two kinds of degree related to computer but as technology has changed the number of degree also change and students have more options than ever before. Traditionally, computer training is divided into two areas:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Computer Science: This program focuses mostly on the<\/strong>\u00a0study of mathematical and theoretical concepts of the computers. Students learn about data structures, operating systems and programming languages, as well as the concepts and applications. Students graduate in this field can work as programmers, testers or developers. However, the software industry complains that this field is focusing too much on the theories, far removed from practical skills and demand changes. The academic people defend this field as the best way to develop the logical thinking for IT professionals as college education is for broaden the knowledge, not necessary provide workers for the industry.<\/li>\n
        2. Information Technology:<\/strong>\u00a0This program focuses on the application of Information Technology (IT) in areas such as computer networks, databases, IT systems, and programming. Students graduate in this field can work as programmers, network engineer, developers, database administrator, and IT system managers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          However, today there are several additional areas such as:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Software Engineering:<\/strong>\u00a0This program brings engineering approaches and practices to software development. Students learn about programming languages, software development lifecycles, Quality Process, Systems and product development, Methods and techniques.\u00a0Software engineering goes beyond programming to include such things as eliciting customers\u2019 requirements, and designing large systems and maintain and testing software. SE students learn how to assess customer needs and develop products that meets those needs.\u00a0Students graduate in this field can work as programmer, tester, developer, software engineer, project manager, technical leaders, and system architect.<\/li>\n
          2. Management of Information Systems (MIS) or<\/strong>\u00a0Information Systems Management (ISM): This program focuses on the study of business programming, databases, and other management concepts that related more on the business aspects. The training is less theoretical than the computer science major and more focused on the practical uses of computer systems in business. Students graduate in this field can work as System administrator, System analyst, Business analyst, System Manager, and Service manager.<\/li>\n
          3. Computer Game development: This program focuses<\/em>\u00a0on the creation and production of computer games. Students learn both programming languages, software development methods, arts and design concepts, user interfaces, and a mix of graphics and special Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools. Students graduate in this field can work as Game developer, Programmer, Animation artist, and Graphic Designer.<\/li>\n
          4. Interactive Media:<\/strong>\u00a0This program focuses mostly on the production of Web sites and other digital media, such as cell phones, mobile games. Students learn about programming languages, software development lifecycles, hardware platforms with special attention to certain applications. \u00a0Students graduate in this field can work as programmer, tester, website developer, project manager and multimedia specialist.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Because information technology is a dynamic field that keep evolving, there are new areas that emerge with significant opportunities but the trainings are still very limited:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Bioinformatics: This program combines elements from biology, biochemistry, and computer science to prepare students for careers in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. There is very high demand in this field due to the critical shortage and limited training programs.<\/li>\n
            2. Bio computational science: This program focuses on the computation of life-science areas. It combines Computing technology, Biology. Chemistry, Biochemistry, mathematic, and Statistics into a highly specialized area. Most students will go on to the doctorate degree and work in research facilities of large company.<\/li>\n
            3. Medical and Health informatics: This program focuses in the application of computing technology in a medical environment. Some students will work as technology experts for hospitals where patient records are digitized, stored, organized and documented.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              As technology changes, there will be more new fields emerge and the need for people with computing knowledge will continue to increase. The demand will far exceed the supply for many more years to come.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y c\u1ed5 v\u0169 h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n? Con g\u00e1i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u0103m nay … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-phu-huynh","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2483,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2482\/revisions\/2483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}