{"id":2468,"date":"2013-07-06T12:22:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T05:22:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2468"},"modified":"2013-07-06T12:22:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T05:22:36","slug":"vi-cong-nhan-xu-huong-khoan-ngoai-toan-cau-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2468","title":{"rendered":"Vi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n : Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u0103ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Vi kho\u00e1n” \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean internet cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay \u201cVi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n\u201d xin l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f9ng internet \u0111\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c “h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n” b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean:\u00a0 \u201cVi kho\u00e1n\u201d, \u201cKho\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cVi vi\u1ec7c\u201d.\u00a0 Thay v\u00ec k\u00ed h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean internet \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd. Tu\u1ef3 theo nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4 la t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la theo nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, hay v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng ti cho m\u1ed9t vi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Vi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ti ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 g\u1eedi thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3. L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 theo nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, n\u00f3 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3 \u00edt tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1ea3 $1.00 cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 10 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng $10.00. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u00cdch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u00cdch l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi truy nh\u1eadp internet.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng chia ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Internet \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 1000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m an ninh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Brazil, v\u00e0 Nga tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Utest \u0111\u1ec3 chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24 gi\u1edd, 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0y nay Microsoft \u0111ang d\u00f9ng \u201cvi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n\u201d tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vi vi\u1ec7c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Amazon.com c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t website mang t\u00ean \u201cMechanical Turk\u201d l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ti m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ti mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Mechanical Turk tr\u1ea3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c trang Web \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i hay chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m thanh. C\u00f4ng ti Utest h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed v\u1edbi Utest v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean website v\u00e0 xin l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, khi h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, Utest s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0y nay, UTest c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 33,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf 172 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea9y ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Freelancer v\u00e0 Elance l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c cho vi vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Elance \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean $100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m nay n\u00f3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi vi\u1ec7c\u201d s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00ec n\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng iPhone \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $600 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nga hay Ukraine nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed $10,000 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf M\u0129 hay T\u00e2y \u00c2u. M\u1ed9t website c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi $200 \u0111\u00f4 la \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n $ 2000 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u0129. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2010, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti CNTT \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201cvi vi\u1ec7c\u201d t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cvi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Freelancer.com \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 2.1 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea5y k\u00ec ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m $2000 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng khi l\u00e0m vi vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0 Pakistan, Ukraine, Ba Lan s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng 12 t\u1edbi 16 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf M\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n 8 gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2U nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nga.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m c\u00e1c websites sau:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.utest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.elance.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/microworkers.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/microworkers.com\/toon.php<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.gofreelance.com\/misc\/computer-jobs.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.mturk.com\/mturk\/welcome<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Microworker : The new global outsourcing trend<\/p>\n

The global IT skills shortage has reached a critical point at the time where the global economy is slowly recovering. Most companies need workers but are reluctant to hire and the price of IT outsourcing is going up significantly as workers in India and China are demanding higher wages. However, there is a new trend called \u201cMicro-sourcing\u201d that emerges and surprise many people. The concept is very simple: Software work can be broken into several small tasks and advertised on the internet for people to work on them. Software developers or \u201cMicroworkers\u201d apply for the work, complete the work, and get paid for the work they done.<\/p>\n

The trend to use the internet to access workers around the world for \u201cshort term, task-focus\u201d is now becoming more popular than ever. It has many names:\u00a0 \u201cMicro-sourcing\u201d, \u201cCrowdsourcing\u201d, and \u201cMicrowork\u201d.\u00a0 Instead of sign contracts with outsourcing companies, today any company can go directly to the internet for software workers who want to work for them. Depending on the task, developers can earn a few dollars to hundred dollars per task. The task might require few minutes, few hours, or a few days to complete. Most tasks are relatively simple. For example the company gives a registered Microworker a module to test with certain instruction. The Microworker follows the instruction to test, completes it and submits it back. The company check for completion and send payment at the following day. Wage is often pay by task, it depends upon the task given. Some pay more and some pay less depending on the difficulty and complexity. Assume the company pay $1.00 per task and if worker completes 10 tasks a day than he will get a total of $10.00. The tasks given are unlimited so worker can get tasks and complete it every day. The more task he completes the more earning he can get.<\/p>\n

The benefit of Microwork to company is having a large numbers of skilled workers who can do the work quickly at lower cost. The benefit to software developers, especially the one who live in developing countries, is the opportunity to work and compete directly with developers who live in developed countries. The only requirement that a Microworker need is having a good personal computer with access to the internet.<\/p>\n

The idea of breaking up software into small tasks and using the Internet to find developers to work on them was invented several years ago but it is getting more popular now as many companies are using it. Last year, Microsoft needed more than 1000 testers around the world to find defects in its security software and see how its new software would do in another countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Russia before it was officially released. Microsoft contacted a company called Utest to break up the work into several hundred small pieces for testing and hired testers to do it. Within few days, it had thousands of testers around the world, working 24 hours, 7 days a week and complete all tests much earlier than the company thought it could be. Today Microsoft is using \u201cMicroworkers\u201d around the world for many of its testing and development. Suddenly, many large software companies begin to follow this trend and the Microwork market is now estimated to be in the ten billion dollars per year.<\/p>\n

Amazon.com has a website called \u201cMechanical Turk\u201d to broker company that wants to have their work done and software developers around the work. Mechanical Turk pays approximately one dollar per simple task, for example checking Web pages for errors or transcribing audio recordings. The company Utest focuses mostly in software testing. Any tester can register with Utest for an account, each day they can check for the job post on the website and apply to do the work, when they complete, Utest will pay them according to the advertised price. Today, UTest has more than 33,000 testers in 172 countries in their registration, which means work can be done 24 hours a day, seven days a week.<\/p>\n

Freelancer and Elance are another popular brokers for Microwork. These companies have global software developers all over the world. Last year, Elance posted over $100 million dollars worth of work but this year it expects the amount will increase to several hundred millions. Many companies believe that \u201cMicrowork\u201d will be the way software will be done in the future as it is faster and much cheaper A simple iPhone application can be done for approximately $600 with developers from India, Russia or Ukraine but it would cost $10,000 from developers in the U.S or Western Europe. A website can be built for $200 dollars in India but it would cost $ 2000 if it is done in the U.S. The pricing difference is so large that in 2010, more IT companies are moving quickly into \u201cMicrowork\u201d seeking \u201cMicroworkers\u201d that have the skills that they need. Last month, Freelancer.com announced that its site has 2.1 million registered software workers who are willing to do any type of works. For workers in the U.S and Western Europe, this trend means more direct competition as companies can easily find workers anywhere in the world.<\/p>\n

According to a new study, an average software developer in third world country can make $2000 dollars a month doing Microwork. If they have specialize skill, they could earn more. Of course, it also depends on the amount of works but the study found that developers in third world countries such as Pakistan, Ukraine, Poland are willing to work more hours, usually 12 to 16 hours per day when workers in the U.S only work more than 8 hours if they have to and they always demand extra pay. The study also found that if this trend continues, it will impact the U.S. and European job market much more than the outsourcing trend of move work to India, China and Russia.<\/p>\n

If you are interested to become a Microworker, you can check the following websites:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.utest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.elance.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/microworkers.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/microworkers.com\/toon.php<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.gofreelance.com\/misc\/computer-jobs.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.mturk.com\/mturk\/welcome<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u0103ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Ph\u1ea7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2468"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2469,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2468\/revisions\/2469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}