{"id":2459,"date":"2013-07-06T12:16:49","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T05:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2459"},"modified":"2013-07-06T12:16:49","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T05:16:49","slug":"lop-hoc-o-bo-dao-nha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2459","title":{"rendered":"L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i \u0111i, v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111i sau h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, kinh t\u1ebf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111ang b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i ren v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y \u00c2u quen chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha trong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf t\u1ed1t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha v\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nh\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 than th\u1edf :\u201cC\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ti; \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. Kh\u00f4ng may B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00f3 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n r\u1ed3i.\u201d Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn cao, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ngay c\u1ea3 kinh doanh du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m do kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Jose Socrates \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho n\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tung ra m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh (t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc) b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y laptop v\u00e0 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o internet. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti di \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p 3G \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u laptop cho c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean hay h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua laptop v\u1edbi x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $200 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u0129. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 cho truy nh\u1eadp Internet b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecdc sinh v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $120 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u0129 cho laptop v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet. H\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 t\u1edbi 6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua laptop c\u00f9ng truy nh\u1eadp Internet v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $60 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u0129. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean $500 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc t\u1eebng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Internet v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng minh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3ng \u0111en.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 28% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o internet nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay con s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 75%. Ch\u00edn trong m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha c\u00f3 laptop v\u1edbi truy nh\u1eadp internet. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Eduardo \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi: “C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft Sri Lanka \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft cho n\u00ean c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i: “Sao c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?” \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u1ed3n \u00e0o khi h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1edf laptop c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi website gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xem Sri Lanka \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm tr\u00ean internet, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau. Sau m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u01a1 tay: \u201cCh\u00fang em \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang em s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.\u201d C\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Sri Lanka b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1eadu ta tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, phong c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cho l\u1edbp. Sau b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1i Lan. C\u00f4 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.\u201d B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi ch\u00fang truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o internet v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y th\u00edch th\u00fa h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khi ch\u00fang c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin. Thay v\u00ec ng\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh trong khi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111en, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean website gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5, ch\u00fang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc. Carmelita, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t.\u201d C\u00f4 \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00f3i khi ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 cho ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang, h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khi ch\u00fang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

Eduardo b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 50 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau b\u00ean trong laptop c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb. Laptop \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u1ecdc sinh truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c website x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eaft \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha, t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0u th\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec trong th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y \u00c2u hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng cao cho h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p laptop hay truy nh\u1eadp internet cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y hay b\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh “y\u00ean t\u0129nh l\u1eafng nghe\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. H\u1ecdc sinh ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A classroom in Portugal<\/p>\n

Last week, I was in Portugal to research on global software trends. Before I left, some friends told me that there was nothing interesting there because the country\u2019s economy was based mostly on labor works and tourism, its education system was behind most countries in western Europe and scored the lowest in education achievement. Recently, Portugal\u2019s economic was in trouble and had to receive helps from France and Germany. If I went there, I would be wasting my time. However I saw something interesting that I wanted to share with you.<\/p>\n

For many years, Portugal \u2018s economy was depending on its labor and tourism. Many western European countries routinely shift manufacturing works there to take the advantage of lower costs. However, Portugal government did not anticipate the competition from Eastern European countries when these countries joined the European Union. In a short time, they became Portugal main competitors in almost everything as they have much lower costs, more workers, and good tax incentives for business to relocate there. In just a few years, many businesses moved out of Portugal and into Eastern European countries. Suddenly, Portugal\u2019s economy experienced a significant downturn with high unemployment, rising costs of living, and huge inflation. A government official lamented:\u201cCountries are like companies; you have to keep one step ahead of the competitors. Unfortunately Portugal didn\u2019t recognize that its economy based on low labor costs can be obsolete very fast in a globalized world. No one pays attention until there was a shock then it was too late\u201d. Portugalgovernment had tried many things without much success. They spent a lot of money on stimulus projects but unemployment was still high, inflation was out of control, budget cut was not effective. Even the tourism business was having problem because number of visitors has decreased due to of the financial crisis.<\/p>\n

Last year, Prime Minister Jose Socrates took a courageous step by looking into the future with plan to transform Portuguese society into the knowledge society. To do this, the first place to start was the education system so the government launched the program to equip every student (From elementary school to college) with laptops and access to the internet. To pay for it, the government use government reserved funds and money from mobile companies who were granted 3G licenses to operate in Portugal. That subsidized the sale of several million laptops to both teachers and students. Today, every teacher or student can buy a laptop for approximately U.S. $200. They also get a discounted rate for broadband Internet access. Low income students get bigger discount and pay approximately U.S $120 per laptop and no charge to connect to the internet. Students from grades 1 to 6 can buy laptop with Internet access for about U.S $60. The government also invested over $500 million to makes sure each classroom has access to the Internet and every classroom has an interactive smart board, multimedia projector, instead of the blackboard.<\/p>\n

Five years ago, only 28% of people in Portugal have access to the internet but today the number is 75%. Nine out of ten students in Portugal have laptop with internet access. Traditional education system was transformed into collaborative learning and the impact on the classroom was significant. When my friend Eduardo took me to an elementary school, I was amazed at the way students learn geography. At the beginning of the class, the teacher asked: “Do you know where Sri Lanka is?\u201d Of course, nobody knew so the teacher said: “Why don’t you find out and tell me about it?”. Suddenly the class became very noisy as students open their laptops, connect to the education website to find where Sri Lanka is. They searched the internet, collected information and discuss among themselves. After ten minutes, one team leapt up and waved their hands: \u201cWe found it and we are ready to present\u201d. The teacher nodded and allowed the team to hook their laptop into the multimedia projector. One student started to explain in detail about Sri Lanka with pictures, he cited population, society, culture, cities, sceneries of that country to the class. After the short presentation, the teacher said: \u201cNow go and learn more about Thailand. I want to know which team can give better presentation than the first team\u201d. You could feel the enthusiasm of these children, you can see their eagerness to learn as they access the internet and discussed with each other on how to prepare their presentations. Of course, as a college professor I am familiar with the interactive and collaborative learning using information technology but this is the first time I saw it happened in an elementary school.<\/p>\n

As I observed these students, I knew that their education system is making progress and how technology can help children learn more actively. I can see that these students enjoyed learning as they collaborated with each other to get information. Instead of passively sat quiet while the teacher taught and wrote something on the blackboard, these students explored things on the education websites, they discovered new things, they analyzed information, they collected additional data, they discussed and organize their presentations. The teacher was just there to guide them to learn. Carmelita, the teacher told me: \u201cI used to spend ten hours to prepare for the lecture but now I just focus on the outcomes of their learning. I have more time for myself now and this new learning method is great\u201d. She continued: \u201cIt allows me to step off the lectern and listen to what students say as they learn. I discuss with them instead of lecture to them. I encourage them to discover for themselves, learn a process of discovery on their own, and eventually think about how to solve problems instead of just memorizing what I told them. With this new learning method students collaborate among themselves to learn as they discuss with each other and organize their own thinking. As a teacher, I only check their works and measure their learning outcomes\u201d.<\/p>\n

Eduardo told me that Portugal had invested a lot in teacher training. The education system has a portal that allows teachers to work together to create new lessons and organize course materials that take advantage of the technology. Through this collaboration, Portuguese education system already have many online materials to educate their students. Lots of new ideas are already making their way into classrooms and the progress has been outstanding. Today there are 50 different educational programs inside the laptops of each young students. The laptops are equipped with a program to prevent students access to bad websites and encourage them to finish their homework and score high marks. If they do homework well and get good grades, they get more time to play computer games, if not the games will automatically shutdown.<\/p>\n

When I left Portugal, I was impressed with the efforts of the government. At least they recognized that the economy based on low labor advantage do not last long in the globalized world. I also impressed with the effort to transform a manufacturing based society into a knowledge society by starting with information technology. Of course, it is still early to know whether this improvement has made any change in the education achievement among western European countries or not. The new system is only few years old and it may take some time for the result to show. However based on what I saw, I do have high hope for them. I do NOT believe that providing laptops or internet access to students is good enough. Technology is only the tool just like paper or pencil that students use in school. Real improvement will only happen by the way we educate students on how to learn. We are living in the 21st century and we need something that fit this new century. I understand that it is not easy to change the attitude of teachers who feel that the only way to teach is by lecture in front of a classroom where students are \u201cquietly listening\u201d. However, as educator we must evaluate the way we educate students and find new way that make learning more exciting, more productive, and more effective. Students today are not the same as several hundred years ago and they deserve a better education to keep them competitive in this globalized world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0o nha \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i \u0111i, v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2459"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2461,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions\/2461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}