{"id":2441,"date":"2013-07-06T11:59:03","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2441"},"modified":"2013-07-06T11:59:03","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:59:03","slug":"nghe-nghiep-cua-nguoi-ki-su-phan-mem-thanh-cong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2441","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ray Brooke l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn. Theo g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd chia s\u1ebb ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i CMU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ray b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cL\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u1edf v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2u.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng” v\u00e0 “t\u00ednh n\u0103ng”, “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb” v\u00e0 “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i” hay \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft “gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp”, “thu h\u1ed3i theo \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0”, “th\u1eddi gian ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng”, “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n”, “\u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng”, “t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p.”<\/p>\n

\u201cNhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 khi t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1” cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e1 ra l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t v\u00ec t\u00f4i nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u1eafng nghe im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau c\u00f4ng ti y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e2n cho t\u00f4i l\u00e0m “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p” thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u” hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thu nh\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ray ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n g\u00ec v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, hay \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ai \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai hay sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho d\u00f9 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i “t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n” h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi t\u1ed5, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i theo h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 “k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt” v\u00e0 “k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m” \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y “k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m” cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y v\u00e0i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ecd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kia v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc qua m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m t\u00f4i ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc “k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe”. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, l\u00e0m b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, tranh c\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe. B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1eafng nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ray c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t, t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) cho n\u00ean trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng ti. V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh (MBA). H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m. T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 duy b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p\u201d. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hai c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: Thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 hai khu v\u1ef1c th\u00eam n\u1eefa: Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 “k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ray l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00eda k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecdc trao \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i \u0111i l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ray ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1eef t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Khi m\u1ecdi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch th\u00fa vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, t\u00f4i \u0111i ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. C\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1” n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111i v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\u00a0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecfi, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi kinh doanh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng tin cho nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u thu nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed qua ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, h\u1ecd cho b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i gi\u00fap l\u00e0m t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp cho c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u00e0ng cao m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 cho c\u00f4ng ti, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00f4ng ti cho n\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO).\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ecd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u? Khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Khi c\u00f4ng ti t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Carnegie Mellon v\u00e0 Stanford kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho n\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eafc t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u1eafn t\u1edbi Bangalore, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i M\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y?” Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh : \u201cT\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ai \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.\u201d Sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eddi b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u1edf M\u0129.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd tin c\u1eady t\u00f4i cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho t\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh v\u00ec t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u00f4i m\u1edf c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Singapore, Malaysia v\u00e0 Philippines. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ray k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i may m\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o v\u1eadn may b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00ec n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n theo b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra. Steve Jobs v\u00e0 Bill Gates c\u00f2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Sergey Brin v\u00e0 Mark Zuckenberg th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin s\u1ebd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa t\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n: \u201cK\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00eda doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1eefa.\u201d Khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec, \u0110\u1eeaNG BAO GI\u1edc qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Xin c\u00e1m \u01a1n.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A career of a successful Software Engineer<\/p>\n

Ray Brooke is a former student and a successful owner of a large software company. At my suggestion, he agreed to share his career as a software engineer with students at CMU.<\/p>\n

Ray started: \u201cAs students in software engineering, your first job will probably be software developers or testers. You are trained to design, code and test and I am sure many of you will do well. But sometime you will be in situations that you have to ask customers on what they want and it is NOT easy.\u00a0 Many of you are NOT trained on how to communicate with customers. You know about technical things but customers do not. Your customers do not know the difference between \u201cFunction\u201d and \u201cFeature\u201d, \u201cUnit test\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cRegression tests\u201d or \u201cObject\u201d and \u201cStructure\u201d. On the contrary, customers do not understand why you do not know \u201cValue and Revenue\u201d, \u201cReturn on Investment\u201d, \u201cTime to Market\u201d, \u201cAssets\u201d, \u201cPoint of sales\u201d, \u201cAccount payable and Account receivable\u201d. It seems like you are speaking Chinese and they are speaking Greek\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cMany years ago, I was in the same situation when I had to talk with customers directly to solve a difficult issue. No one in my team wanted to do that and the project manager refused to meet with customers because they had arguments in the past. That was my first opportunity to show management that I can \u201csolve problems\u201d so I learned some business terms before the meeting. It turned out well because I listened more than I talked. The customer was not happy with the project so he told me everything bad about the project, I just listened quietly and assured him that I will try my best to solve the problem. Because I knew how to listen and have patient, few weeks later the company asked me to meet the customer of another project. I also did well by listened more but this time I also learned more about the business side. Eventually, I became the person that customers wanted to talk to and company assigned me to be the \u201cBusiness Analyst\u201d the term that today is often called \u201cRequirements Engineer\u201d or the technical people that obtain, analyze, define customers\u2019 needs and negotiate changes to project\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ray continued: \u201cThe job of the Business Analyst is to work with customers to find out what they need and write the business requirements. This is NOT easy because you must know about the customers\u2019 business and the reason why customer need the software product. You must learn what users will be able to do with the software and what the software will do for the business such as increase revenues, reduce costs, improve services, or meet certain obligations. From what you obtain from the business side, you must transform them into technical requirements such as functions that software must fulfill to meet user needs. That is why a business trained person cannot do because they do not know software and software people cannot do it because they do not know the business. This job requires someone who know both business and technical and it is very important because any misconception or mistakes, the project will fail. Since it is a difficult job, I got paid very well even I just worked there for more than a year. What I did is to show management that I am willing to learn new thing and take action to improve my skills\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cHowever, after a year working as the Business Analyst, I learned enough about the business side but not enough on the technical side so I \u201cvolunteered\u201d to support the project manager to learn about how to manage software project. The job of a project manager is about planning the project, organizing the team, setting project schedule, and keeping track of the progress throughout the development. Because my project manager was very busy so he asked me to deal with problems affecting the team, and making sure each programmer is working accordingly. To improve the skill, I took several project management courses. Since I worked with both technical and non-technical people, I learned that a project manager must have both “technical skills\u201d and \u201cSoft skills\u201d in order to succeed but most schools do not teach \u201csoft-skills\u201d so I took several courses in this area too. Eventually, I was promoted to project manager and I completed all projects successfully. One success led to another and in just a short time, I was assigned to program manager to oversee several large projects. I worked very hard and continue to learn throughout all the projects that I was responsible for. Nothing can substitute for experiences, I learned from many mistakes that I made, I learned from people in my projects, I learned from customers and users but most of all I learned how to listen to people because everyone always have something to say. My advice to you is learn the \u201clistening skill\u201d. Today, there are so many people who learn to talk, to give presentation, to debate but few know how to listen. My secret is I listen more and have patient and they are the most important skills in this highly competitive world\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ray laughed: \u201cBecause I had a strong communication skills, I became the top manager of the company. The ultimate jobs for many software engineers looking to move up is to become the Director and Chief Information Officer (CIO) so in just few years, the company owner gave me a Director position to manage the entire division of the company. Traditionally, most people who were in this position came from the business area and have a Master of Business Administration (MBA). They were very good with finance and accounting but in my opinion, it was also a weakness because lacking technical skills, many made mistakes. Finance and accounting have rules that you must follow but management is much more than following certain rules because you also need innovation and \u201cThinking outside of the box\u201d. Companies want people who can understand what their business is and how to apply technology to make it better. Being able to follow directions is important, but being able to take some initiative and make your own judgments is equally important. My solution is to differentiate myself from the traditional directors. I have already discussed two ways of building up your skills: Acquiring business knowledge and advanced technical knowledge but when you are in higher position, there are two additional areas: Communication and leadership\u201d.<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cBut people told me that communication is a \u201cnatural skill\u201d, some people speak better, more eloquent than others\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ray shook his head: \u201cEveryone can learn to be a better communicator with practice. The difference is that communication skills take longer to develop. It requires both experience and training to become effective. I worked hard to improve my communication skill since I was a Business Analysts. I learned to communicate effectively by dealing with those who could not. Many customers cannot understand the technical side to describe their requirements in detail. On the other hand, many technical people do not understand the complexity of the business processes that they must implement because they cannot communicate with customers. Learning to communicate, and having the patience to gain knowledge from customers, is an essential skill that many of my former team members do not have. They only want to do technical works and that is why I move up quickly but they stay as programmers and testers\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ray continued: \u201cSixteen years ago, I was like you. A newly graduate student worked on my first job as a programmer. However, I always kept an open mind and look for opportunity. Instead of waiting my manager to tell me what to do I took initiative to work on solving project problems. When all my friends were happy writing code and tests, I went out and worked with customers. In just a few months, I was the person who managers came to whenever there were any problem to fix. Having this \u201cproblem solving\u201d attitude not only improves my communication skills, it also improves my chances of moving into business analyst and senior management positions. The key to moving up in any company is to let management know what you can do. I can answer many questions that manager asked, solve project problems, accept new challenges, and always listen to others. That is why I became the top manager\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cBeing a director is NOT an easy job. You are dealing with a major company business by provide information solutions to many customers. You must make sure that the company is doing well, you must think more about creating more revenues, reduce costs, make company owner happy. When other directors was focusing on reducing costs through tightly control of accounting and finance, I was focusing in bringing in more business by working with customers. The company owner was very happy when he found that I was capable of communicating with his customers, identified their issues, and resolved those problems quickly. When customers were happy, they gave you more business so I help increase revenues for the company several times over previous years. The higher profits that you can get for the company, the more valuable you are to the owner and that can result in a promotion. My interactions with more customers make me an important factor to the company so in a short time, I became the Vice President and Chief Information Officer (CIO)\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cTo many people, when they reach the top they stop because there is nothing more to do. I have seen many top managers became lazy and complacent but I am still young and full of energy. What do you think a thirty eight years old to do after he reach the top position? When solving problems, you have to believe that there is a way to accomplish something, even if it is never been done before. As the company was growing fast and needed to hire more software people. Carnegie Mellon and Stanford could not gave me hundreds or thousands engineers that I need each year so I have to find them somewhere. Sometimes listening to others will produce an idea so when a customer mentioned to me that his company was planning to outsource to India because they had many skilled software engineers, I was surprised. A short trip to Bangalore, India that year convinced me that there was a lot of business opportunities here. My question was: \u201cWhy outsourced to Indian companies when you can establish an American outsourcing company here? Then I asked myself : \u201cWhy do I have to work for somebody when I can do it for myself\u201d. After several months of thinking, I decided to quit the job and started my own company providing software services to customers in the U.S\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cBecause I had good relationship with many customers, they trust me so I did not have much problems of getting supports. Many customers invested money in my company, many gave me the business as I always believe in doing business the right way, the ethical way, and the best way possible. My company grew from fifty people in the beginning to few hundred then to several thousand employees and as the number of customers grew, I opened offices in many countries \u2013 China, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. Today, we provide software solutions to customers all over the world and became one of the largest U.S companies specialized in this field.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ray concluded: \u201cYou may consider that I am lucky but I do not believe in luck because I work hard for it. Today Information Technology opens many new opportunities to people like me and you, if you know how to identify and take action. The key success is continue to learn and adjust yourself to any situation and never give up. Even today, we are still at the beginning of the technology era. If you look back about fifty years ago, the Personal Computer was not invented yet. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates were in elementary school and Sergey Brin and Mark Zuckenberg were not even born yet. What has happened in the past fifty years was such a phenomenon but I believe there will be more to come. By studying information technology, you already selected the right field, the right path toward a very bright future. My advice to you: \u201cTechnical skills are essential but NOT enough, you must know the business side of technology too\u201d. As you are pursuing your dream, the last thing that I want to say is no matter who you are and what you do, NEVER forget that you have responsibilities to your friends, your family, your society, your country, your people and to this earth. Technology is a wonderful thing as long as it serves humanity. Thank you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ray Brooke l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn. Theo g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, anh \u1ea5y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2441"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2442,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2441\/revisions\/2442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}