{"id":2439,"date":"2013-07-06T11:58:08","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:58:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2439"},"modified":"2013-07-06T11:58:08","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:58:08","slug":"viec-nong-luong-cao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2439","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon (CMU) r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129.\u00a0Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o ra “b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3” ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hay “b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng” m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u00a0Tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.\u00a0CMU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ti\u00ean phong trong nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n then ch\u1ed1t cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra “b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3” hay “b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng” cho c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tu\u00e2n theo. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (\u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u). H\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c trong c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00eda doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t (k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m) v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. David Koch, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CMU ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Microsoft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

“Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, t\u00f4i tham gia v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.\u201d C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0a th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf M\u0129:<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 y t\u1ebf: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $325,000 t\u1edbi $412,000.<\/p>\n

Nha s\u0129: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $230,000 t\u1edbi $285,000<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $187,000 t\u1edbi $250,000<\/p>\n

Y t\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $160,000 t\u1edbi $250,000<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $ 145,000 t\u1edbi $220,000<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed\/gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $120,000 t\u1edbi $180,000<\/p>\n

K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $85,000 t\u1edbi $115,000<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/magazines\/moneymag\/bestjobs\/2010\/full_list\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hot Job, High Pay<\/p>\n

It\u00a0comes as no surprise to\u00a0people involved in the software engineering\u00a0programs at Carnegie Mellon\u00a0University (CMU) that the job of Software Architect was ranked as the best job in the United States.\u00a0Software architects create the architecture \u201cblueprints\u201d or \u201cbuilding map\u201d that software engineers use in software project. The architect work collaboratively with both customers and developers on challenging projects to solve problems.\u00a0Their expertise is rewarded with very high pay and excellent job growth.\u00a0CMU is recognized for their forward-thinking\u00a0in the identification of Software Architecture as a key discipline of the software field.<\/p>\n

Like architects who design buildings, software architect also create the \u201cblueprints\u201d or \u201cBuilding map\u201d for software engineers to follow. Software architects often work with customers and software managers to identify and capture requirements for software project (Sometime called Business Analyst or Requirements Engineer). They serve as a link between technology people and business people.<\/p>\n

The job is creatively challenging as it requires knowledge in both technical side and business side. Experienced Software engineers with good people skills (Soft-skills) and business skills years are often promoted to this job. Salaries are much higher than other software jobs, and a typical work has more variety. David Koch, a CMU graduate who is working at Microsoft describes his job:<\/p>\n

“On Monday, I discuss business strategy with senior manager, then working with customers to understand their requirements. On Tuesday, I review some projects and identify issues that I must solve. On Wednesday, I discuss design problems with the project team and identify project risks. On Thursday, I participate in code reviews and maybe do some programming myself to help projects. On Friday, I meet with users to solve some issues and hold a meeting between users and programmers\u201d. My work involves a variety of things that would be difficult to explain. Basically, I am a problem solver, a technical leaders, a designer, a sale person, a manager, and a programmer \u2013 all in one. I do everything necessary to help the project meets the goals\u201d.<\/p>\n

This job requires a Bachelor degree in Software Engineering with at least 5 years of experience. Many companies prefer a Master degree with some work experience.<\/p>\n

Compare with other professions and salaries in the United States:<\/p>\n

Medical Doctor: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $325,000 to $412,000.<\/p>\n

Dentist: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $230,000 to $285,000<\/p>\n

Pharmacist: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $187,000 to $250,000<\/p>\n

Registered Nurse: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $160,000 to $250,000<\/p>\n

Software Architect: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $ 145,000 to $220,000<\/p>\n

Software manager\/director: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $120,000 to $180,000<\/p>\n

Software Engineer: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 $85,000 to $115,000<\/p>\n

For the list of best jobs in America:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/magazines\/moneymag\/bestjobs\/2010\/full_list\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon (CMU) r\u1eb1ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2439"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2440,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2439\/revisions\/2440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}