{"id":2424,"date":"2013-07-06T11:44:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2424"},"modified":"2013-07-06T11:48:57","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:48:57","slug":"quan-li-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2424","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Khi c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia sang to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng xuy\u00ean qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Anh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u00ec kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 quay v\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 70% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n hai ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. T\u00ecm ai \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3i c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f2n m\u1edbi th\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00f3. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd, v\u00ec c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed CNTT gi\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay ti\u1ec7n nghi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin Information System Management (ISM) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ISM c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p CNTT nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet, v\u00e0i m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p; \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT. \u00a0V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a v\u0103n ho\u00e1, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, b\u1ecb r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2009 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ISM gi\u1ecfi \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb CEO c\u1ee7a IBM, Sam Palmisano \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn cho ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd?\u00a0 L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi h\u1ecd hay chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecd t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c? N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d V\u00e0i quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u0129 c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ISM \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi h\u1ecd b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed CNTT c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 cho khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111em h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i g\u1eedi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 CNTT \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 theo chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, \u00a0c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea v\u00e0i tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111em h\u1ecd sang M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111i theo chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0111em sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean CNTT, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ISM t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Global management<\/p>\n

With globalization, companies are opening offices all other the world to take advantage of skilled workers and lower costs. However, opening offices in foreign countries is easy, managing it effectively and\u00a0 efficiently are much more difficult. This is a major challenge that all global companies are facing because managing people from different cultures, speaking different languages, having different education skill levels is something few people know how. As companies move from national to global with offices and manufacturing facilities around the world, \u201cmanage global people\u201d is becoming the critical skills in very high demand.<\/p>\n

The traditional way of managing across borders is based on the British colonial model. This system stated that the headquarters and key functions are located in one central place, with managers sent to foreign countries to operate local operations. In that case, all local operations must follow the policy, rules and direction of headquarter. That system does NOT work anymore. Today, global companies must follow the local government laws, local cultures, and local needs. Moving works to foreign countries where there are skilled workers require local operations to have certain degree of independent from headquarter for efficiency and ensure that their operations meet local culture and laws. That is why instead of sending managers to local operations, global companies must hire local managers and depend on them to manage the business effectively. However, it is extremely difficult to find qualified people who can operate in both cultures, and speak both languages. That is why there is a critical shortage of these talented people in almost every country.<\/p>\n

According to a study from Harvard University, global companies are having difficulty to find managers in China and be able to keep them for awhile. The manager turnover rate there is about 70% each year, that means almost two third are changing job every year. Finding someone who know how to manage well, speak both English and a Chinese is very difficult because globalization is so new and happen so fast, few people are prepared for it. The same thing also happens in India. It is very difficult to find good managers in India, but not because of language but because most Indian managers want to work in the U.S, NOT in India. If they have to stay in India then they demand high salaries because every global company would want them, as there is shortage of qualified managers in India. The study also found that Information Technology (IT) is the fastest growing field globally, finding good IT managers who has both technical skills and language skills is difficult. To support company to do business globally, information technology is needed. Things such as communication networks must be built, data center must be established, applications must be installed before any business or manufacturing facilities can \u00a0move there so the demand for people who have skills in information system management suddenly become one of the most sought after skills.<\/p>\n

Information System Management (ISM) is not a new field but it changes a lot in the past few years. Today a skilled ISM manager must understand how to provide IT as a services and guarantee the continuity, availability and quality of service delivered to company and users. All service delivery must deals with the required service levels, financial viability and the necessary IT infrastructure capability. Few years ago,\u00a0information system management was limited to providing infrastructure services such as a network and internet connection, a few servers and installation for the proper functioning of the organization. However, today this has changed, as Information system management represent a important part of the business. The objectives of good information systems services management are\u00a0providing adequate quality management to increase efficiency of the business; to align business processes and IT infrastructure and reduce the risks associated with IT services. \u00a0For most global companies, managing this widely scattered, talented, multicultural workforce has never been more difficult.<\/p>\n

When I attended 2009 World Economic Forum in Dalian, China. The problem of finding good ISM managers in China was the number one issue. I remembered\u00a0IBM CEO Sam Palmisano talked about global workforce: \u201cThe big issues for us are: Where do you find them? How do you develop them? How do you retain them?\u00a0 How do you move work to them or them to work? If we can solve these problem we will be the most successful company in the world\u201d. Several executives from Europe and the U.S also expressed similar views of their difficulty of finding local ISM manager. As they expand their businesses globally, they cannot find enough talented IT managers to set up the infrastructure needed and it slowed their global expansion.<\/p>\n

To solve this problem, there are several suggested solutions: One is to quickly establish the Information System Management (ISM) training programs locally to develop IT service managers to meet the demand. The key of this program would be a foreign language requirements, especially in English so when graduate, these students will have language skills. Another solution is to hire local IT graduated students, bring them into the headquarter for training then send them back to their country to manage IT system there. Most companies in the U.S are already following this strategy. Last year, U.S. companies have hired several hundred Chinese and Indian graduates and brought them to the U.S. for trainings. However, European companies are following a different strategy. They found that after bringing IT graduates there and trained them well, many refused to return since they can easily find jobs in Europe due to the shortage of IT workers. That is why most European companies are assigning their managers to foreign countries and hire local IT students, put them on-the-job training with these managers so they can learn until they can take over.<\/p>\n

Regardless whether to receive training locally, or in the another country, every global companies are looking for talented ISM manager everywhere. Without someone who can manage information system, having skilled IT workers alone will not be the best way to maximize the benefits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2424"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2426,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2424\/revisions\/2426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}