{"id":2393,"date":"2013-07-06T11:23:44","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2393"},"modified":"2013-07-06T11:23:44","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:23:44","slug":"thao-luan-tren-lop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2393","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Thay v\u00ec “th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng”, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng” v\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean tham gia, trong khi trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i “ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean v\u00e0 nghe” l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1edbp sinh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng, kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1eadp trung khi m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd nghe l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra quan t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd tham gia. Khi sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, hay gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean s\u1eeda n\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1edbp. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u0129nh ch\u00e1t, nh\u1eafn tin tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o khi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00ean t\u0129nh. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m y\u00ean t\u0129nh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 tham gia s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u nhau thay v\u00ec trao cho ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i hay l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00edch cho sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao hay \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. (Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c tham gia chi\u1ebfm 30% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m.) \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i thi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb.\u00a0Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong tin t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trong tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 hay chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi trong l\u1edbp. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay b\u00e0i b\u00e1o trong b\u00e1o ch\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o hay s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean internet. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 website c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 website cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o hay blog s\u1ebd cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong ngh\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i tin m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hay tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. K\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u00edch tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3 trong l\u1edbp. K\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o\u00a0 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Thay v\u00ec \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Classroom Discussion<\/p>\n

I believe that students learn best when they participate in class discussion. Instead of being \u201cpassive\u201d, they can be \u201cactive\u201d as learning must be active. Of course, getting students to participate, when for many years they are told to \u201csit quiet and listen\u201d, is very difficult.<\/p>\n

In class students are easily get distracted, it is hard to maintain focus when all they hear is the teacher talking. By allowing them to hear another student voices expressing their views will keep them stay alert. A good question can create interest, make them wonder why, get them to think, and motivate them to participate. When students ask question, I often ask them to repeat the question to get other\u2019s attention. Sometime I would write it on the board, allowing time for other students to think about the answer before asking if someone could answer the question. By listening to the answer, I can determine their understanding and assess whether the class understand the content or not. In that case, I can correct it, or help students correct it when they do not understand it clearly.<\/p>\n

Having class discussion is also a way to control what is happening in class. Sometime students may quietly chatting, texting on their mobile phones, or maybe dreaming but they will be alerted when a student is called to answer something. Of course, they will pay attention especially if a friend sit next to them is asked to answer a question.<\/p>\n

In every class, there are some who talk actively and some who are quiet. I always select the person to lead class discussion from the quiet group. In this case, the participation will be distributed equally instead of tipping into some who talk too much. Sometime, I would ask students to comment on what another student has said or lead a class discussion for possible answers.<\/p>\n

I like to give students pre-class reading assignments that they have to read and prepare before come to class. At the beginning of the class, I \u00a0often ask questions about the assigned reading or what have they learned from previous session. That can get students coming to class prepared. (In my class, participation is 30% of the total grade.). To maintain their focus, I also remind them that when I ask questions or request someone to lead discussion on a topic, it is something important and probably will be on the exam.<\/p>\n

I prefer to start class with something that gets students attention and then quickly review what was covered in the previous class to remind them of things that they should remember.\u00a0In an effort to facilitate more discussions in class, I often relate material in the courses to other concepts outside of the classroom. For example, an idea in the assigned reading to a story in the news. Sometime I would ask whether students can relate the subject of a lecture to a current event in the news or sharing outside articles that relate to the material covered in class. For example, students can bring to class a technical book or newspaper article that relates to the topic in class.<\/p>\n

Today, many students do not read newspapers or books but do read things on the internet. That is why I also encourage students to share with their classmates some websites that relates to the course, such as one that provides additional information on the subject of the classroom material. Relating the classroom material to an outside sources such as books, Newspaper\u2019s articles or blogs will let me know whether students are actively learning the subject.<\/p>\n

Because soft-skills are essential in any professions, but more important in software engineering career. I believe all students must develop the ability to speak in front of a group. They must know how to share information, ask questions, or argue for a different solution. Presentation skill is essential in the industry, especially in technology industry. Many teachers like to refer to books about public speaking or presentation skills. I believe that students can NOT learn these skills by reading books but they must do it in class. This skill is best developed with practice. The more they practice, the better they get and the better they get, the more confident they become. To practice this skill, they need more class discussions, more presentations and more feedback from friends and teacher so they can improve. Instead of taking a soft-skills class to learn presentation skill, public speaking skill, actually most students are \u201clearning by doing\u201d it in class.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Thay v\u00ec “th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng”, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “ch\u1ee7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2393"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2395,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2393\/revisions\/2395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}