{"id":2389,"date":"2013-07-06T11:21:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2389"},"modified":"2013-07-06T11:21:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T04:21:36","slug":"phan-mem-hai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2389","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1ea5u? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i Malware (Malicious Software) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m l\u1eadu v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb chung n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi rut, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Virus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 sao b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i hay xo\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m email, b\u1ea3n t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u1ed5 USB v.v. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ed1ng vi r\u00fat trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean internet. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin (nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.)<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hay t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c hay c\u00e1c website v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho b\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng website n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i virus hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gian l\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh thu l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng hay chi ti\u1ebft t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5m v\u00e0o n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 r\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ea1p g\u1eedi cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Microsoft ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ecdi gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Mi\u1ebfng v\u00e1 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba\u201d n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean:<\/p>\n

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  1. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1eedi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi email.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ‘gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o’, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, hay t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  2. Ngh\u0129 hai l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m n\u00e0o hay URL trong email, hay website kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c website gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
  3. Gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.\u00a0 D\u00f9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    —-English version—-<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Malware<\/p>\n

    A first year student asked me: \u201cWhat is Malware? How do you protect your computer from Malware? Please advise.\u201d<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Answer: Malware (Malicious Software) is software designed to infiltrate a computer without the owner\u2019s consent. It is a general term referring to viruses, spyware, adware, phishing and more. You need to understand\u00a0 of what you are dealing with to protect your computer from these threats.<\/p>\n

    Virus is a program that can infect a computer and copy itself to corrupt or delete data on your computer. It can also spread from one computer to another via files, email attachments, downloads, and removable media such as USB drive etc. I recommend that all students install anti-virus software in their computers.<\/p>\n

    Spyware is a software that collect information about users without their knowledge then sharing that information with other computers on the internet. These software monitor your computer, collect and share personal information and sometime change your setting to steal information (Such as your bank account password or other valuable things)<\/p>\n

    Adware is software which automatically display or download advertisement to a computer. Adware is annoying to some people. Some advertisings promote sexual materials or websites with bad contents that may not be suitable for you. Many time, these websites can install virus or spywares to your computer too.<\/p>\n

    Phishing is the fraudulent activity of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as user names, passwords, credit card or bank account details by pretending as trustworthy entity. Most of phishing start as an advertising announcing that you have won something and trick you to click into it. Once you do that, it can install malwares into your computer.<\/p>\n

    Spam is mostly junk mail that send to many people for certain purposes. It may be an advertisement of something or promote something. Sometime it contains spyware or phishing software too.<\/p>\n

    It is important to always keep your computer up to date. Microsoft distributes updates on every second Tuesday of every month called \u201cPatch Tuesday\u201d where they updates are available. You should update your computer immediately after that. Following are some advices:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Never send any confidential information in response to an email.\u00a0 A request to do so is most likely ‘phishing’, a malicious attempt to lure you into releasing your personal information such as user ID, passwords, or bank account.<\/li>\n
    2. Think twice before clicking on any attachments or URLs in email, or untrusted web sites. Any attachments from unknown senders often have malware that could infect your computer. Fraudulent websites can lure you into providing your login credentials or personal information.<\/li>\n
    3. Keep your computer software up to date.\u00a0 Use automatic software updates whenever possible.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2390,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2389\/revisions\/2390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}