{"id":2375,"date":"2013-07-06T10:39:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2375"},"modified":"2013-07-06T10:39:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:39:42","slug":"thi-truong-viec-lam-cntt-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2375","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng minh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 53% tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2021. C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 44%), ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (39%), ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (29%) v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (25%). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn b\u1edfi B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 CNTT kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf M\u0129, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 14% ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 B\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u1ebb em (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1946 \u2013 1964). Xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 m\u1edf ra trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o trong CNTT trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT. Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u1ed1 Wall \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i tra c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 75,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edf ra \u1edf M\u0129. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, 54% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1n trong n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Khi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang m\u1edf ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “\u00edt l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n” trong th\u1eddi suy tho\u00e1i \u0111ang nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e3ng 25% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t h\u01a1n; t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m v.v. M\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “di d\u00e2n m\u1edf” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c H1B \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau cwck nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o M\u0129 qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c H1B. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a California \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c H1B. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef \u201cth\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00ean t\u0129nh\u201d khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a HP n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c H1B. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Cisco \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo H1B \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.\u201d T\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n H1B ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho d\u00f9 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n. Cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y n\u00f3ng l\u00ean th\u00eam khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n theo th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c H1B, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Maryland b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c H1B ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd h\u01a1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 sau khi th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 82% sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7c cho \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u1edf M\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cao th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ec9 qua kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb 1998 tr\u00ean 4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theom H-1B \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u01a1n tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT khi kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

T\u1edd Economic Times h\u00f4m nay (4\/2011) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n. N\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT l\u1edbn \u2014 Tata Consultancy Services, Cognizant, Infosys, Wipro, v\u00e0 HCL Technologies \u0111ang s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00eam h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea tr\u00ean 114,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti CNTT \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t b\u1edbt c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh l\u1eddi cao n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Brazil, Mexico, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Theo nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $96 t\u1ec9 USD n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 $100 t\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

IT Job Market<\/p>\n

According to the U.S. Department of Labor\u2019s employment forecast, Information Technology (IT) is one of the ten fastest-growing areas over the next 10 years. The best IT jobs are: Social network developers, Business Intelligence analysts, Network security specialists, and Software Architects. These jobs have potential to increase by 53% by the year 2021. Other fast-growing jobs include software engineers (with a growth of 44%), Information Systems Managers (39%), Database administrators (29%) and Systems engineers (25%). In addition to these specialties cited by the U.S. Department of Labor, other IT occupations expected to have high growth include Software project managers, Computer systems administrators, Information research scientists, and Network systems managers. Not all IT jobs will experience growth in the U.S., for example programmer, tester positions are expected to decline by 14% due mostly to outsourcing.<\/p>\n

The major factor of this fast growth is the aging and retiring of the Baby Boomer generation (Born between 1946 \u2013 1964). As a result, the need to replace workers who retire is projected to create a significant number of additional job openings in the information technology area. However, the decrease student enrollment in IT in the past decade have resulted in a critical shortage of IT workers. According to the forecast, many companies are fighting over skilled IT workers. Most executives want to make sure that their IT employees are not leaving for better jobs somewhere. A senior executive told the Wall Street journal \u201cI did not expect the hiring to be this hot but every company is hiring. I look up this month advertising, there are 75,000 software engineering job openings in the U.S. I wonder where do companies find these people?\u201d. In a study conducted last month, 54% managers said they expect hiring to get more aggressive this year and the next four years as more people are retiring. Companies have also been warning that IT workers are getting restless. As more job are openings, people who stayed in \u201cless-than-ideal\u201d jobs during the recession are jumping at a chance to find something new. The study found that about 25% of IT workers are actively seeking new job and companies are taking steps to retain their workers too. The most popular retention tactic is giving IT workers more flexible work hours with increase in salaries, providing better career opportunities; granting more promotions; increasing bonus at the end of the year, etc. Despite these efforts, many companies are still having difficult to hire IT workers, which led to several debates in U.S. Congress about \u201cOpen immigration\u201d policy to bring in more foreign IT workers under the H1B visa to meet the demand.<\/p>\n

For many years, The U.S. Congress has been debating about special immigration law for skilled workers without any conclusion. There were many opinions, some positive and some negative but as the debate is still going on, many companies could not wait. They are increasing the amount of outsourcing and bring in more foreign workers to work in the U.S via the H1B visas. Few months ago, a major California newspaper conducted a survey of high tech companies on the hiring of H1B visa holders. They found that nobody know exactly how many foreign IT workers are working in the U.S. legally or illegally. Most software companies seemed to keep a \u201cQuiet attitude\u201d when asked about foreign IT workers. A representative of HP told the newspaper that his company does not track its numbers for H1B visas. Another representative of Cisco simply said that: \u201cThere is a shortage of technically skilled workers in the U.S and as his company hiring has increased in recent years, so has the use of H1B to fill some positions\u201d. The newspaper concluded that the actual number of IT foreign workers was much higher than the official data as many H1B workers continue to work even their visas have expired. The debate heated up when an U.S government agencies accused several Indian companies were bringing in many H1B visas workers, exceeding the quota allowed. At the same time, a study from university of Maryland reported that workers with H1B visas earned more money than U.S. workers as they worked more hours, including weekend and most of them did not return home after their visas expired. The report also raised an alarm that more than 82% of foreign students who study information technology were hired for entry level works despite that they cannot legally work in the U.S. However, as the demand is so high, many software companies did overlook this issue. The report found that\u00a0since 1998 over 4 million H-1Bs have entered and remained in the country and as many as over a million IT foreign students also remained in the U.S. These data has led to more debates but in the mean time, companies continue to increase the amount of IT outsourcing as the economy begin to recover.<\/p>\n

The Economic Times reports today (April 2011) that Indian outsourcers are getting ready for more growth. The big five IT services companies\u2014Tata Consultancy Services, Cognizant, Infosys, Wipro, and HCL Technologies are on a hiring spree, adding thousands of new workers in India. In just few months, these companies hired over 114,000 developers for them and created a critical shortage of IT workers for local smaller IT companies. The strong hiring is expected because of the significant increase in outsourcing contracts from the U.S. and Europe as more companies are recovered from the global financial crisis. However, the growth is also a sign that the Indian outsourcers want to dominate this market by having larger scale, more technical areas to fend off smaller companies from other countries. Recently,\u00a0 more countries are jumping into this highly lucrative market, notably Brazil, Mexico, and many Eastern Europe countries as they all want to have a bigger piece of this market. According to the latest studies, Indian outsourcing companies have made approximately $96 billion USD in 2010 and could reach over $100 billion this year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2375"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2376,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2375\/revisions\/2376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}