{"id":2348,"date":"2013-07-06T10:20:02","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2348"},"modified":"2013-07-06T10:20:02","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:20:02","slug":"robotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2348","title":{"rendered":"Robotics"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4m qua t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 robotics v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Robotics\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y robots. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi robotic nh\u01b0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, robot ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, robot \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. Robot gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho t\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, t\u1eeb l\u00e0m xe h\u01a1i cho t\u1edbi h\u00e0n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y bay v.v. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u y t\u1ebf hay t\u1ea1o ra robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe qua v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1eabu qu\u1eb7ng, hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c trong robotic: M\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m cho robot th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang di \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 sao cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m (h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i. Robot n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh IBM c\u00f3 t\u00ean Watson \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cJeopardy\u201d n\u01a1i ch\u00fang to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n robotic sinh y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 robotics. Nhi\u1ec1u robot t\u1ea1i CMU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo con v\u1eadt. Robot r\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn \u0111i trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Robot \u0111i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo nh\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc hay mu\u1ed7i to \u0111i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc CMU d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 vi k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con r\u1eadn. Robot n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u00d4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a robotic trong xe h\u01a1i n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfc xe kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb Los Angeles t\u1edbi Las Vegas, t\u1eeb New York t\u1edbi San Francisco to\u00e0n b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean Watson c\u1ee7a IBM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i CMU. “Robot” h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ch trong v\u00e0i th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u201cWatson\u201d g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi “robot t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai” cho n\u00ean v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng robot n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb nhau. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng robot n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1n, t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i thao t\u00e1c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u00f4 \u0111un l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y xem qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u “phim ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh “si\u00eau nh\u00e2n” cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu robot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tay v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c robot mang t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. (N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xem phim \u201cAvatar\u201d b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec).<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o robotic nh\u01b0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 vui, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd so\u1ea3i c\u00e1nh bay l\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng robot m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem trong c\u00e1c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i sau:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/education_sub.html?menu_id=235<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/ri_static_content.html?menu_id=274<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Robotics<\/p>\n

Yesterday I received an email from a software student asking about robotics and how to study this exciting field.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Robotics\u00a0is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and manufacture of robots. There are many fields associated with robotics such as Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Computer Science.<\/p>\n

In the past, robots are mostly toys but today, robots play a very important things in many areas. Robots play a important role in manufacturing, from construction to creating furniture, from building cars to welding airplanes parts etc. The current effort is researching how robots can be more productive, how they can better aid in medical treatment or creating robots that can drive over rugged terrain, dig deep into the soil to find mineral samples, or working in highly contaminated areas that is not suitable for human being.<\/p>\n

There are many areas in robotics: One area is focusing on artificial intelligence, making robots more intelligent so they can process information faster and better. Another area is on making them more mobile so they can operate quicker and more flexible. There are robots that can work together and organize tasks so they can operate a series of activities to achieve an objective. Another area is focusing on their human interaction and making them learn from mistakes (Machine learning) to conduct sophisticated task without making error. The most well known is an IBM computer named Watson that have learned to defeat people in a game called \u201cJeopardy\u201d where they all have to answer random questions. Another area is on the development of bio-medical robotics that can resemble a human being, and of course much more.<\/p>\n

Carnegie Mellon University is one of the top schools in robotics. Many robots at CMU are modeled after animals. The snake robots can travel in small area like a snake to go into difficult places such as a oil pipeline to take pictures, fix problems. The water strider robot is modeled after a water strider bug or a big mosquito that walks on water. In order to determine the physics of the creature, CMU scientists used micro-actuators to simulate the bug’s movements. This robot can go into difficult places on water with power and efficiency. The self-driven car is another application of robotics in cars where a unmanned car can travel from Los Angeles to Las Vegas, from New York to San Francisco all by itself. The software that run on IBM\u2019s Watson is developed at CMU. This Machine Learning \u201crobots\u201d already learned all the books in several libraries so it can answer many random questions from people in seconds. You can ask \u201cWatson\u201d almost anything and it will give you the correct answer in fraction of a second.<\/p>\n

Many students like to work on \u201cfuturistic robots\u201d so few years ago, some of them created robots that can build copies of itself. Basically, these robots are made of some simple modular cubes that have electro-magnetic on them, which allows them to attach to and detach from one another. Since these robot learn how to bend, reconfigure and then manipulate these cubes to create another copies. It is possible in the near future, they can work on more sophisticated things that could repair themselves and replace defective modules. I think these students watch too many \u201cTransformers movies\u201d.<\/p>\n

Some students like to study robots that can be transformed into a \u201csuper-human\u201d so they design a robots prototype made up of human body parts such as arm and legs that can be connected to the user’s feet and arms. These prototypes are equipped with a hydraulic power units that allow the robots to carry large and heavy loads of things. (If you see the movie \u201cAvatar\u201d you know what it look like).<\/p>\n

Computer Science or Software Engineering students who want to consider going to graduate school may want to look into robotics as a future study field. It is a relatively new field, it is fun, it allows students to let their imagination soaring high to work on many robots applications that today people have not even think that it is possible. For more information you may look into the following link:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/education_sub.html?menu_id=235<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/ri_static_content.html?menu_id=274<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4m qua t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 robotics v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.   \u0110\u00e1p: … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2348"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2349,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2348\/revisions\/2349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}