{"id":2334,"date":"2013-07-06T10:10:35","date_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2013-07-06T10:10:35","modified_gmt":"2013-07-06T03:10:35","slug":"toan-cau-hoa-trong-muoi-nam-toi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2334","title":{"rendered":"To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u1ea3y sinh trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n, th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc hay m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e3ng 80 l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1ch \u0111o ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 t\u1edbi ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn hay h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Khi h\u1ecd b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 24 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ban \u0111\u00eam \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ban s\u00e1ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Giao t\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qua internet, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kinh doanh s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 internet. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn s\u1ebd mua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thu mua c\u00f4ng to \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 “d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u” d\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n, h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh nhanh h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 truy l\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a CNTT v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti, d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng CNTT v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong khi chuy\u1ec3n sang to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf theo chu k\u00ec. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec hay c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn nhanh l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c lan to\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ed5, c\u0169 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n cao nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 gen, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v.v. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e0n d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i khu\u1ea9n \u0103n d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n d\u1ea7u tr\u00e0n, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u tr\u00e0n. B\u1eb1ng t\u00e1i k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 gen cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u00ecm kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1ec1 gen, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng d\u1ea7u trong c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thay v\u00ec d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh. T\u1edbi nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111e do\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa “c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” v\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng ra tr\u1eeb phi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt qua c\u00e1c pha c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c pha m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pha n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang pha ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn pha c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nhanh t\u1eeb pha n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang pha c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ecf qua pha ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cao ng\u00e0y nay. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u00f4i tin ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fac b\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, M\u0129 v\u1eabn \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Globalization in the next ten years<\/p>\n

Globalization is the\u00a0growing interconnectedness, based on information technology, that resulting in the flows of capital, information, products, services, and people throughout the world. It is a powerful force that impact almost every countries, events, and economies in this 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century.<\/p>\n

When business is no longer restricted to a country or a region but can expand globally, it can grow faster, larger and prosper. Based on some estimates, a typical global business can grow about 80 times bigger and revenues could be at least 50 times more than today. With global business, the standard monetary measurement will be in billions and trillions dollars, not hundred thousands or millions as today. That is why so many companies are quickly move and expand their business all over the world to seize this opportunity. As they expand they must operate at 24 hours and 7 days because a night in one place is a morning in another; a weekend in one place is workday in other. Business transaction is no longer use paper but electronically through the internet, therefore the speed of business will happen at internet speed. To grow bigger, large companies will buy smaller ones and consolidate their global power. That is why in past years, the trend of company acquisition is \u00a0happening all over the world.<\/p>\n

To survive and be successful, business must operate at the most efficiency and effective. They must maintain low cost structure to reserve capital to defense themselves against competitors. They must continuously review and re-evaluate their process to reduce waste. They must adopt a differentiated approach to \u00a0achieve customer satisfaction. This is why information technology is becoming a strategic factor in global business. Information Technology (IT) is the \u201cbloodstream\u201d that conduct the flow of capital, goods, and services. It can be automated to conduct business faster \u00a0rather than having it operate by people. It can reduce bureaucracy and redundancy. It can store and retrieve data faster and more efficiency. It allows company to set control to eliminate errors and track activities correctly. Because the potential of IT and its benefits, all companies, large and small, must apply IT and therefore create high demand for skilled IT workers.<\/p>\n

Of course, during the transition to globalization there will be cyclical economic ups and downs. There will be periodic financial or other crises, but this growth will continue. Most countries around the world, both developed and developing, will benefit from gains in the global economy. However, the greatest benefits of globalization will happen to countries and to company that can adopt new information technologies faster and better. A country\u2019s level of technological achievement and adoption is defined by its investment in technology education and its ability to integrate and apply the available technologies to its economy. Failing to do that can push the country back many years as others are fast moving forward.<\/p>\n

With globalization, there is a two-way flow between the developing and the developed countries. Skilled workers will work in places where they can prosper the most. In the past twenty years, there is a \u201cBrain-drain\u201d phenomena where skilled workers were relocated from developing to developed countries for better opportunities. At the same time, efforts by global companies to expand their operations to lower cost countries will foster the spread of old, archaic manufacturing facilities from developed to developing countries. It helps low skilled workers to get jobs in highly polluted, contaminated area but with lower wages, there will not much benefit to the economy in a long terms. It also brings more health problems and could destroy agriculture lands to grow food crops because of pollutions.<\/p>\n

The investment in technology education has brought many high-tech breakthroughs in area such as Biotechnology with genetically modified organisms and increased food crops production. This new field is fast advancing to finding ways to slow down the process of food spoilage, advance genetic engineering, adapting organisms to clean up contaminated places etc. For example, the oil-spill has been one of the biggest issues in the environment but by genetically modify genomes, biotech-scientists have developed an oil-eating bacteria that could eat oil spillage, which lead to faster, more efficient ways to clean up oil spills. By genetically re-engineer the immune system cells, biotech-scientists\u00a0have created tumor-seeking immune cells to locate and attack dangerous cancer cells. By modify the tobacco cells genetically, biotech-scientists have found a way to increase the oil in tobacco plant to be used as bio-fuel for cars and machinery, instead of oil and make some countries less dependent on oil production. Biotechnology is being applied to health fields develop effective treatments for many diseases. To date, there are over thousand of genetically modified food crops with has significant high yields that could eliminating the threat of starvation in the world and improve basic quality of life for poor countries.<\/p>\n

However, with globalization the gap between the \u201ceducated\u201d and \u201cuneducated\u201d will continue to widen unless some countries pursue new policies to improve their education systems, focusing more in technology so that it can support the adoption and application of new technologies into their economy. Those countries that pursue such policies could leapfrog phases of development, skipping over phases that other developed countries such as the U.S. and Europe had to go through in order to advance. The tradition progress is the movement from agriculture phase to manufacturing phase then technology phase but it is possible to move quickly from agriculture phase to technology phase, skipping the manufacturing phases. The only way to do that is to invest in education with the focus on technology. India, an agricultural country already did it and become a highly advanced technological country today. China has made a stumble during the past ten years by focusing on the manufacturing but now has quickly re-focus its education system toward technology. Both of these countries are well positioned to become technology leaders. I believe even the poorest countries could be able to leverage technology to advance themselves and find positions in the global world if they invest in the education of their people.<\/p>\n

The expected next revolution in high technology will involve the advancement in biotechnology, information technology and materials science. Many developed countries are investing heavily in research in these fields and are well placed to be leaders in a these fields. Currently, the U.S. is still in a position to retain its leadership, although it will have to compete with other countries in Asia such as Japan, Korea and China to retain its edge.<\/p>\n

As more companies become global, their operating in the world will be more diverse. There will time where country affiliation will no longer a factor. They are all global companies, outside the control of any one country. They will be agents of change in dispersing business and technology widely, further integrating the world economy.\u00a0An expanding global economy will be heavily dependent on technology, it will increase demand for more technology skilled workers, much more than ever.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u1ea3y sinh trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n, th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2334"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2335,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions\/2335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}